{"id":12888,"date":"2009-12-04T07:41:15","date_gmt":"2009-12-04T10:41:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inclusive.org.br\/?p=12888"},"modified":"2009-12-04T07:41:15","modified_gmt":"2009-12-04T10:41:15","slug":"aprendizagem-forma-sinapses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=12888","title":{"rendered":"Aprendizagem forma sinapses"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Imagem
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Novas conex\u00f5es entre neur\u00f4nios come\u00e7am a se formar logo ap\u00f3s o aprendizado de uma nova tarefa, indica estudo publicado no domingo (29\/11) no site da revista Nature.<\/p>\n

A pesquisa envolveu observa\u00e7\u00f5es detalhadas do processo de altera\u00e7\u00e3o nas liga\u00e7\u00f5es nervosas em animais que ocorre no c\u00e9rebro durante a aprendizagem motora.<\/p>\n

Os pesquisadores estudaram camundongos que foram condicionados a se deslocar por uma passagem em uma gaiola para alcan\u00e7ar sementes. Foi observado um r\u00e1pido crescimento das sinapses, as estruturas que formam conex\u00f5es entre neur\u00f4nios no c\u00f3rtex motor, a parte do c\u00e9rebro que controla os movimentos musculares.<\/p>\n

\u201cVerificamos uma forma\u00e7\u00e3o robusta e quase imediata de sinapses, menos de uma hora ap\u00f3s o in\u00edcio do condicionamento\u201d, disse o coordenador da pesquisa Yi Zuo, professor da Universidade da Calif\u00f3rnia em Santa Cruz, nos Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n

O grupo de Zuo observou a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de estruturas chamadas espinhas dendr\u00edticas que crescem em neur\u00f4nios piramidais (grandes c\u00e9lulas que ligam as camadas do c\u00e9rebro) no c\u00f3rtex motor.<\/p>\n

As espinhas dendr\u00edticas formam sinapses com outras c\u00e9lulas nervosas. Nessas sinapses, os neur\u00f4nios piramidais recebem sinais de outras regi\u00f5es do c\u00e9rebro envolvidas na mem\u00f3ria motora e nos movimentos dos m\u00fasculos. Os cientistas verificaram que o crescimento de novas espinhas dendr\u00edticas foi seguido pela elimina\u00e7\u00e3o seletiva de espinhas pr\u00e9-existentes, de forma que a densidade geral das espinhas retornou ao n\u00edvel original.<\/p>\n

\u201cTrata-se de um processo de remodelagem por meio do qual as sinapses que se formam durante o aprendizado se consolidam, enquanto outras se perdem. A aprendizagem motora imprime uma marca permanente no c\u00e9rebro. Quando aprendemos a andar de bicicleta, por exemplo, uma vez que a mem\u00f3ria motora \u00e9 formada, n\u00e3o esquecemos o que foi aprendido. O mesmo ocorre quando um camundongo aprende uma nova habilidade motora: o animal aprende como fazer e n\u00e3o esquece mais\u201d, explicou Zuo.<\/p>\n

Comprender a base da forma\u00e7\u00e3o de mem\u00f3rias de longo prazo \u00e9 um desafio importante para a neuroci\u00eancia, com implica\u00e7\u00f5es no desenvolvimento de terapias que possam auxiliar pacientes na recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de habilidades perdidas em acidentes ou em derrames.<\/p>\n

\u201cIniciamos nosso estudo com o objetivo de entender melhor os processos que ocorrem ap\u00f3s um acidente vascular cerebral, quando os pacientes t\u00eam que reaprender a fazer determinadas atividades. Queremos descobrir se h\u00e1 algo que podemos fazer para acelerar o processo de recupera\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, disse Zuo.<\/p>\n

O artigo Rapid formation and selective stabilization of synapses for enduring motor memories, de Yi Zuo e outros, pode ser lido por assinantes da Nature em www.nature.com<\/p>\n

___________________________________<\/p>\n

Fonte de informa\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/strong> Ag\u00eancia FAPESP \"Link<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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