{"id":19242,"date":"2011-04-28T07:07:25","date_gmt":"2011-04-28T10:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inclusive.org.br\/?p=19242"},"modified":"2011-04-28T07:07:25","modified_gmt":"2011-04-28T10:07:25","slug":"iguales-y-diferentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=19242","title":{"rendered":"Iguales y diferentes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18298\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18298\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inclusivenews.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Diferen\u00e7a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18298 \" title=\"Uma bolinha amarela sorridente no meio de v\u00e1rias bolinhas azuis tristes\" src=\"http:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Diferen\u00e7a-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Uma bolinha amarela sorridente no meio de v\u00e1rias bolinhas azuis tristes\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18298\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Por Mar\u00eda Graciela Rodr\u00edguez<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Para Mar\u00eda Graciela Rodr\u00edguez, tanto lo que se tiene en com\u00fan como la diferencia son la base de la comunicaci\u00f3n. Y el di\u00e1logo entre iguales y diferentes hace posible el ejercicio pol\u00edtico que construye lo com\u00fan. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cUna ciudad est\u00e1 compuesta por diferentes hombres: personas similares no pueden crear una ciudad\u201d, dice Arist\u00f3teles. Y el soci\u00f3logo Richard Sennet coloca esta frase, a modo de ep\u00edgrafe, en su espl\u00e9ndido Carne y piedra.<\/p>\n<p>La ciudad, entendida aqu\u00ed como polis, no remite simplemente al lugar donde se dirimen los conflictos, aunque abarca esta idea. La ciudad de Arist\u00f3teles que retoma Sennet es m\u00e1s bien el espacio donde la diferencia misma es motor de la pol\u00edtica, donde se ponen en juego las opiniones que una sociedad posee sobre s\u00ed misma y sobre sus \u201cotros\u201d y donde estas opiniones dialogan para elaborar lo com\u00fan.<\/p>\n<p>La experiencia b\u00e1sica, compartida, de la humanidad habilita a relacionarse con un otro que vive su experiencia en el marco de situaciones y valores distintos sesgados por la clase, el g\u00e9nero, la etnia, la residencia geogr\u00e1fica, las credenciales educativas, etc\u00e9tera. Comunicar implica poner en com\u00fan, y en el mismo proceso, dialogar sobre lo diverso de eso en com\u00fan. Como una moneda de dos caras, no hay posibilidad de comunicaci\u00f3n si no hay algo en com\u00fan; pero tampoco habr\u00eda nada que comunicar si no hubiera diferencias. Y s\u00f3lo se produce sentido al reconocer la diferencia de una experiencia com\u00fan. Por ende, si la \u201cmismidad\u201d permite la comunicaci\u00f3n, la alteridad interroga la relatividad de la propia experiencia, y, como resultado de esa interrogaci\u00f3n, se visibiliza la diferencia. Por eso, alteridad, mismidad y diferencia son categor\u00edas que permiten discernir y re-elaborar la diversidad constitutiva de la experiencia humana y social.<\/p>\n<p>En las sociedades mediatizadas contempor\u00e1neas resulta ingenuo pensar a los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n como simples \u201cap\u00e9ndices\u201d de lo social cuando, actualmente, son uno de sus componentes fundamentales. Gran parte de los sentidos comunes que intervienen en el di\u00e1logo se ponen en juego en situaciones cotidianas, tanto informales como institucionales. Y otra buena parte de ellos circula a trav\u00e9s de los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n. Ambas instancias permiten la comunicabilidad y la puesta en com\u00fan de la diversidad de la experiencia humana. Y aun cuando es innegable que el espacio p\u00fablico no puede reducirse a los medios, tampoco es posible ignorar la coparticipaci\u00f3n que \u00e9stos sostienen en su construcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>De hecho, espacio medi\u00e1tico y vida cotidiana confluyen poderosamente en esa zona rutinaria, gris y poco visible del d\u00eda a d\u00eda. All\u00ed los medios inscriben ininterrumpidamente la diferencia, la alteridad y la mismidad, y de ese modo proveen marcos que encuadran la producci\u00f3n cotidiana de significados, los que a su vez orientan la regulaci\u00f3n de las relaciones sociales. Los medios proporcionan recursos para formular juicios en el mundo cotidiano de los sujetos, poniendo en circulaci\u00f3n t\u00f3picos y narrativas peculiares, aportando discursos, textos e im\u00e1genes, y alimentando entonces el di\u00e1logo que necesariamente se requiere para la comunicaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p>Y aqu\u00ed se dimensiona un punto central sobre el modo en que se negocia la relaci\u00f3n entre los grupos, porque la comunicaci\u00f3n no s\u00f3lo permite el di\u00e1logo, sino que adem\u00e1s expresa p\u00fablicamente, pone blanco sobre negro, las relaciones entre las fuerzas desiguales de las que cada grupo dispone para hacer prevalecer su posici\u00f3n. El propio di\u00e1logo representa el l\u00edmite de una frontera m\u00f3vil entre sujetos con diversos grados de poder y se\u00f1ala por eso un concepto relativo al lugar desde el cual cada grupo puede acreditarse como leg\u00edtimo, como interlocutor v\u00e1lido, como portador de una voz p\u00fablica con peso pleno. O no. Y por qu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Dec\u00edamos al comienzo que no hay posibilidad de pol\u00edtica en la mismidad, que no hay \u201cciudad\u201d posible sin diferencia y que s\u00ed la hay entre sujetos diferentes. La cuesti\u00f3n crucial aqu\u00ed es que estos sujetos diferentes comparten (o deber\u00edan hacerlo) un estatuto similar: el de la igualdad en la ciudadan\u00eda. Ser iguales no equivale a ser lo mismo. Porque mientras lo primero implica una base igualitaria de derechos y deberes, lo segundo s\u00f3lo expresa in-diferenciaci\u00f3n. Por eso, escuchar voces diferentes entre iguales ayuda a pensar, corrige errores, se\u00f1ala caminos hacia lo com\u00fan, moviliza certezas, desestabiliza \u201cverdades\u201d adquiridas, previene contra los totalitarismos de cualquier signo. Alguna vez Aldo Rico dijo que \u201cla duda es la jactancia de los intelectuales\u201d. Pues bien, dudemos. O mejor: dejemos que la diferencia en igualdad nos haga dudar. S\u00f3lo el di\u00e1logo de iguales entre personas diferentes permitir\u00e1 que la sociedad encuentre la polifon\u00eda necesaria para elaborar lo com\u00fan. Ese es el camino de la pol\u00edtica.<\/p>\n<p>*Doctora en Ciencias Sociales. Docente Idaes-Unsam y UBA.<\/p>\n<p>___________________<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonte: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fndc.org.br\/internas.php?p=noticias&amp;cont_key=683180\">Pagina 12\/FNDC<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Para Mar\u00eda Graciela Rodr\u00edguez, tanto lo que se tiene en com\u00fan como la diferencia son la base de la comunicaci\u00f3n. Y el di\u00e1logo entre iguales y diferentes hace posible el ejercicio pol\u00edtico que construye lo com\u00fan. (Em espanhol.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-textos-e-artigos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iguales y diferentes -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=19242\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iguales y diferentes -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Para Mar\u00eda Graciela Rodr\u00edguez, tanto lo que se tiene en com\u00fan como la diferencia son la base de la comunicaci\u00f3n. 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