Professor Marcus Garcia
\nno Portal Segs<\/em><\/p>\nSegundo a ANL (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Livrarias), o Brasil fechou 2012 com 3.481 livrarias em opera\u00e7\u00e3o. Destas, 49% est\u00e3o instaladas nas capitais dos 27 estados e no Distrito Federal, e as 51% restantes nas demais cidades. Como temos aproximadamente 197 milh\u00f5es de habitantes, isto significa que h\u00e1 cerca de 1,8 livrarias para cada 100 mil habitantes.<\/p>\n
Os dados do IDEB (\u00cdndice para o Desenvolvimento da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o B\u00e1sica) de 2012, divulgados pelo MEC, mostram que as 192.676 escolas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1sica no pa\u00eds atendem 50.545.050 alunos. Mas, apenas perto de 64 mil delas possuem bibliotecas. Ou seja, n\u00e3o chega a ter uma biblioteca para cada mil alunos. Isso se reflete, \u00e9 claro, no d\u00e9ficit de leitura do brasileiro.<\/p>\n
O Instituto Pr\u00f3-Livro realizou em 2011, um estudo no qual foram entrevistadas mais de 5 mil pessoas em 384 munic\u00edpios. O levantamento revelou que a m\u00e9dia de leitura do brasileiro \u00e9 de quatro livros por ano, sendo que, somente cerca de 50% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira cultiva o h\u00e1bito de leitura. Para fazer uma compara\u00e7\u00e3o com outros pa\u00edses, na Fran\u00e7a a m\u00e9dia \u00e9 de 12 livros por ano, na Espanha, 11, nos Estados Unidos, 10, na Argentina, seis, no Chile, cinco e na Col\u00f4mbia, dois. Na Noruega, maior IDH (\u00cdndice de Desenvolvimento Humano) do mundo, as pessoas leem cerca de 16 livros por ano. N\u00e3o \u00e9 um n\u00famero t\u00e3o alto comparado a outros pa\u00edses, mas impressiona o percentual da popula\u00e7\u00e3o que cultiva o h\u00e1bito da leitura, que \u00e9 de 96%.<\/p>\n
O incentivo dado ao estudante para ler deveria come\u00e7ar na escola, mas quase 70% delas sequer t\u00eam uma biblioteca. Com esta realidade, o que se pode esperar a n\u00e3o ser grande n\u00famero de analfabetos funcionais? Dados do Indicador de Analfabetismo Funcional, divulgados em julho de 2012, d\u00e3o conta que 20% dos brasileiros, de 15 a 49 anos, s\u00e3o analfabetos funcionais, ou seja, aquela pessoa que, apesar de conseguir ler as palavras, n\u00e3o consegue entender e, consequentemente, interpretar a mensagem de um texto de at\u00e9 10 linhas com at\u00e9 tr\u00eas par\u00e1grafos.<\/p>\n
A mudan\u00e7a dessa realidade depende de conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o e sensibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Para desenvolver novos patamares intelectuais, culturais e profissionais, a pessoa precisa necessariamente ampliar seu cabedal de conhecimento, o que torna a leitura fundamental. A neuroci\u00eancia j\u00e1 pesquisou e afirmou que a capacidade do c\u00e9rebro humano \u00e9 muito grande, e uma vida inteira de estudo e leitura intensivos n\u00e3o seriam suficientes para esgotar uma pequena fra\u00e7\u00e3o de sua capacidade.<\/p>\n
Para cultivar o h\u00e1bito da leitura nas crian\u00e7as e nos jovens \u00e9 preciso que a fam\u00edlia e a escola fa\u00e7am sua parte. Hoje, existem obras de todos os g\u00eaneros que podem agradar at\u00e9 o mais c\u00e9tico dos leitores. Um bom come\u00e7o para despertar o interesse pode ser a conta\u00e7\u00e3o de hist\u00f3rias, seguida de teatrinho, di\u00e1logo e outras t\u00e9cnicas de intera\u00e7\u00e3o e incentivo \u00e0 leitura que podem ser iniciadas logo ap\u00f3s o nascimento da crian\u00e7a. Que tal come\u00e7ar trocando o brinquedo eletr\u00f4nico por um livro de banho ou um fantoche para os beb\u00eas?<\/p>\n
Para dizer o m\u00ednimo, parafrasearei Mark Twain, escritor e humorista norte-americano que viveu no s\u00e9culo XIX e escreveu aquele que \u00e9 considerado o maior romance americano \u201cAs Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn\u201d: “Quem n\u00e3o l\u00ea tem pouca vantagem sobre quem n\u00e3o sabe ler.”<\/p>\n
* Professor Marcus Garcia possui forma\u00e7\u00e3o na \u00e1rea de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Tecnologia da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o, j\u00e1 escreveu 16 livros, entre eles \u00e9 autor e organizador da s\u00e9rie de livros A Escola No S\u00e9culo XXI. www.marcusgarcia.pro.br<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"O incentivo dado ao estudante para ler deveria come\u00e7ar na escola, mas quase 70% delas sequer t\u00eam uma biblioteca. Com esta realidade, o que se pode esperar a n\u00e3o ser grande n\u00famero de analfabetos funcionais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[29,6,48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cultura","category-educacao","category-inclusao"],"yoast_head":"\n
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