{"id":24756,"date":"2013-06-20T08:14:16","date_gmt":"2013-06-20T11:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inclusive.org.br\/?p=24756"},"modified":"2013-06-20T08:14:16","modified_gmt":"2013-06-20T11:14:16","slug":"entenda-a-diferenca-entre-deficiencia-intelectual-e-doenca-mental","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=24756","title":{"rendered":"Entenda a diferen\u00e7a entre defici\u00eancia intelectual e doen\u00e7a mental"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_22388\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22388\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-22388\" title=\"Um homem diante de uma por\u00e7\u00e3o de pontos de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o.\" src=\"http:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/duvidas-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Um homem diante de uma por\u00e7\u00e3o de pontos de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o.\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Por Luana Marinho e Renato Oselame<br \/>\nno Correio 24horas<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Muitos sentem dificuldade para se relacionar com pessoas com defici\u00eancia intelectual por n\u00e3o saber como se referir a elas ou mesmo compreender quais s\u00e3o as condi\u00e7\u00f5es que afetam o seu desenvolvimento. Uma das confus\u00f5es mais comuns \u00e9 chamar os indiv\u00edduos com necessidades especiais de &#8220;doentes mentais&#8221;. Esta no\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 arraigada no imagin\u00e1rio popular, mas tem sua base na discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o que estes sofriam no passado. Os dois problemas, contudo, s\u00e3o completamente diferentes.<\/p>\n<p>A doen\u00e7a mental \u00e9, na verdade, um transtorno psiqui\u00e1trico que engloba uma s\u00e9rie de altera\u00e7\u00f5es que modificam o humor e o comportamento da pessoa, podendo afetar seu desempenho. Tal dist\u00farbio deve ser tratado com psiquiatras e o uso controlado de medicamentos.<\/p>\n<p>J\u00e1 a defici\u00eancia intelectual representa um atraso no desenvolvimento, o que gera dificuldades de aprendizado e na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de coisas simples do cotidiano. Neste caso, h\u00e1 um comprometimento cognitivo, que ocorre antes dos 18 anos de idade.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Defici\u00eancia mental&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Segundo a educadora Ana Beatriz Ara\u00fajo, da Apae Salvador, as defici\u00eancias intelectual e mental s\u00e3o sin\u00f4nimas. O \u00faltimo termo, por\u00e9m, foi banido pela Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas (ONU) em 2004. \u201cS\u00e3o dois termos que querem dizer a mesma coisa. Houve uma mudan\u00e7a de nomenclatura em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 defici\u00eancia intelectual para n\u00e3o confundir com o transtorno mental\u201d, afirma.<\/p>\n<p>A ONU optou por excluir a express\u00e3o &#8220;defici\u00eancia mental&#8221; para evitar a confus\u00e3o e a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o destas pessoas, que representam 5% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial, de acordo com a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial da Sa\u00fade (OMS).<\/p>\n<p>Caracter\u00edsticas<\/p>\n<p>Segundo descri\u00e7\u00e3o da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Americana sobre Defici\u00eancia Intelectual do Desenvolvimento (AIDD), pessoas com d\u00e9ficit intelectual possuem o Quociente de Intelig\u00eancia (QI) inferior \u00e0 m\u00e9dia. Elas possuem limita\u00e7\u00f5es em ao menos dois tipos de habilidades: comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, autocuidado, fun\u00e7\u00f5es acad\u00eamicas, adapta\u00e7\u00e3o social, vida no lar, seguran\u00e7a e sa\u00fade, dentre outras.<\/p>\n<p>De acordo com a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), quase sempre a defici\u00eancia intelectual costuma ser resultado de uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o no c\u00e9rebro causada por condi\u00e7\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas. Mas uma pessoa com necessidades especiais tamb\u00e9m pode ter sofrido com dist\u00farbios na gesta\u00e7\u00e3o, problemas no parto e at\u00e9 mesmo ap\u00f3s o nascimento. Dentre os principais tipos de defici\u00eancia intelectual est\u00e3o as s\u00edndromes de Down, X-Fr\u00e1gil, Prader-Willi, Angelman e Williams.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" title=\"Sem descri\u00e7\u00e3o fornecida\" src=\"http:\/\/www.correio24horas.com.br\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/tt_news\/Luana_Nogueira\/Infograifco_01_-_Final_-_Intelectual.png\" alt=\"Sem descri\u00e7\u00e3o fornecida\" width=\"540\" height=\"602\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Muitos sentem dificuldade para se relacionar com pessoas com defici\u00eancia intelectual por n\u00e3o saber como se referir a elas ou mesmo compreender quais s\u00e3o as condi\u00e7\u00f5es que afetam o seu desenvolvimento. Uma das confus\u00f5es mais comuns \u00e9 chamar os indiv\u00edduos com necessidades especiais de &#8220;doentes mentais&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deficiencia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Entenda a diferen\u00e7a entre defici\u00eancia intelectual e doen\u00e7a mental -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=24756\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entenda a diferen\u00e7a entre defici\u00eancia intelectual e doen\u00e7a mental -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Muitos sentem dificuldade para se relacionar com pessoas com defici\u00eancia intelectual por n\u00e3o saber como se referir a elas ou mesmo compreender quais s\u00e3o as condi\u00e7\u00f5es que afetam o seu desenvolvimento. 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