{"id":29014,"date":"2016-04-07T15:58:07","date_gmt":"2016-04-07T18:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inclusive.org.br\/?p=29014"},"modified":"2016-04-07T15:58:07","modified_gmt":"2016-04-07T18:58:07","slug":"o-historico-e-as-formas-de-combate-ao-bullying-no-brasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=29014","title":{"rendered":"O hist\u00f3rico e as formas de combate ao bullying no Brasil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por Guilherme Periss\u00e9 *,<\/em>
\nvia Promenino Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Telef\u00f4nica.<\/em><\/p>\n

Viol\u00eancia f\u00edsica, apelidos constrangedores, refer\u00eancias preconceituosas e outros comportamentos agressivos s\u00e3o formas pelas quais se pratica o bullying<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Inclusive<\/p>\n

Se hoje o tema \u00e9 parte da agenda p\u00fablica \u00e9 porque, na d\u00e9cada de 1970, o pesquisador sueco Dan Olweus<\/a> passou a estudar o assunto, que ganhou notoriedade nos anos 1980, chegando ao Brasil no final dos anos 1990.<\/p>\n

No entanto, agress\u00f5es deste tipo j\u00e1 eram identificadas nas escolas nos s\u00e9culos XVIII e XIX, quando o comportamento era visto como \u201cnatural\u201d, inerente ao ser humano, tanto \u00e9 que h\u00e1 descri\u00e7\u00f5es de professores participando de din\u00e2micas hoje entendidas como bullying<\/em>[1]<\/a>. Essas descri\u00e7\u00f5es mais antigas relatam apenas agress\u00f5es f\u00edsicas realizadas por meninos contra seus colegas, geralmente mais novos.<\/p>\n

Os relatos atuais descrevem tamb\u00e9m agress\u00f5es mais elaboradas, envolvendo viol\u00eancia psicol\u00f3gica, por exemplo, por meio do isolamento de uma pessoa do grupo.<\/p>\n

Entendendo o bullying<\/em><\/strong>
\nA din\u00e2mica do bullying<\/em> \u00e9 marcada pela presen\u00e7a de alguns atores: autor, alvo e testemunhas. O autor \u00e9 quem ataca a crian\u00e7a, supostamente mais fraca, com o objetivo de causar dor, constrangimento ou humilha\u00e7\u00e3o e o alvo \u00e9 quem sofre as agress\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

O fen\u00f4meno \u00e9 caracterizado por a\u00e7\u00f5es agressivas, repetitivas e imotivadas, contra uma pessoa espec\u00edfica. Em regra, o alvo se v\u00ea como incapaz de se defender da agress\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Diferentemente das brigas, discuss\u00f5es ou desaven\u00e7as, o bullying <\/em>\u00e9 reiterado, deliberado e intencional[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A repeti\u00e7\u00e3o aumenta o potencial lesivo das agress\u00f5es, reafirma seu conte\u00fado e \u00e9 capaz de gerar um sentimento de abandono e inseguran\u00e7a na crian\u00e7a que \u00e9 alvo.<\/p>\n

Outra caracter\u00edstica relevante \u00e9 a dificuldade de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de casos de bullying<\/em>, pois as crian\u00e7as, especialmente as que s\u00e3o alvo da agress\u00e3o, escondem dos adultos os acontecidos e relutam em buscar ajuda.<\/p>\n

Assim, para combater o bullying<\/em>, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio identific\u00e1-lo ativamente, al\u00e9m de cultivar um ambiente em que a crian\u00e7a sinta-se acolhida o suficiente para expor sua situa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Lei de combate \u00e0 Intimida\u00e7\u00e3o Sistem\u00e1tica (bullying<\/em>)<\/strong>
\nA rec\u00e9m-aprovada Lei n\u00ba 13.185\/16, al\u00e9m de trazer uma defini\u00e7\u00e3o legal para o bullying<\/em>, ali denominado \u201cintimida\u00e7\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica\u201d, cria uma pol\u00edtica nacional de combate \u00e0 pr\u00e1tica e assegura atendimento psicol\u00f3gico aos alvos, impondo a escolas, clubes e agremia\u00e7\u00f5es o dever de \u201cassegurar medidas de conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o, preven\u00e7\u00e3o, diagn\u00f3stico e combate \u00e0 viol\u00eancia e \u00e0 intimida\u00e7\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica\u201d.<\/p>\n

Assim, a nova legisla\u00e7\u00e3o esclarece que escolas, clubes e agremia\u00e7\u00f5es recreativas t\u00eam responsabilidade sobre o bullying<\/em> que ocorra sob seus ausp\u00edcios. Al\u00e9m de obrig\u00e1-los a atuar de forma a evitar a ocorr\u00eancia das agress\u00f5es e identific\u00e1-las ativamente.<\/p>\n

Tal previs\u00e3o \u00e9 importante, pois, como dito, as crian\u00e7as por vezes escondem o bullying <\/em>dos adultos, que, a seu turno e n\u00e3o raramente, erram ao trat\u00e1-lo como algo normal. Com a nova lei, fica claro que as escolas, agremia\u00e7\u00f5es e clubes n\u00e3o mais podem ignorar as agress\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Da mesma forma, devem promover a conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o das crian\u00e7as sobre o bullying<\/em>, inclusive para orient\u00e1-las sobre como agir diante das agress\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Consequ\u00eancias do bullying<\/em><\/strong>
\nO alvo \u00e9 quem arca com as mais doloridas consequ\u00eancias da pr\u00e1tica, que v\u00e3o do estresse ao suic\u00eddio, nos casos mais extremos, passando pela baixa autoestima, autoflagela\u00e7\u00e3o e evas\u00e3o escolar. Do ponto de vista social, \u00e9 comum o afastamento dos colegas, que evitam o contato com a v\u00edtima, com temor de serem tamb\u00e9m alvos do bullying<\/em>, agravando o sofrimento do alvo.<\/p>\n

\u00c9 importante lembrar que o autor tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 afetado pela viol\u00eancia, em especial se nenhuma medida \u00e9 tomada para interromp\u00ea-la. A viv\u00eancia do papel de agressor \u00e9 relacionada a atitudes antissociais na vida adulta, h\u00e1 estudos que apontam a correla\u00e7\u00e3o entre praticar bullying<\/em> na inf\u00e2ncia e condena\u00e7\u00f5es criminais e envolvimento em casos de viol\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Menos lembradas, mas tamb\u00e9m afetadas, s\u00e3o as testemunhas da viol\u00eancia. Sim, mesmo as crian\u00e7as que n\u00e3o t\u00eam liga\u00e7\u00e3o direta com a agress\u00e3o s\u00e3o afetadas. Os sentimentos variam entre os diferentes indiv\u00edduos, mas a literatura descreve medo (de ser v\u00edtima no futuro), desamparo, raiva do agressor e culpa por n\u00e3o agir para evitar a viol\u00eancia. Dessa forma, como resultado, observa-se nas testemunhas rea\u00e7\u00f5es semelhantes \u00e0s dos agressores como a evas\u00e3o escolar.<\/p>\n

Assim, estando claro que o bullying<\/em> traz consequ\u00eancias negativas a todos os envolvidos, o cumprimento da Lei n\u00ba 13.165\/15 contribui para a efetiva\u00e7\u00e3o do Artigo 227 da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal, que afirma ser \u201cdever da fam\u00edlia, da sociedade e do Estado assegurar \u00e0 crian\u00e7a, ao adolescente e ao jovem, com absoluta prioridade, o direito \u00e0 vida, \u00e0 sa\u00fade, \u00e0 alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, ao lazer, \u00e0 profissionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e0 cultura, \u00e0 dignidade, ao respeito, \u00e0 liberdade e \u00e0 conviv\u00eancia familiar e comunit\u00e1ria, al\u00e9m de coloc\u00e1-los a salvo de toda forma de neglig\u00eancia, discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o, explora\u00e7\u00e3o, viol\u00eancia, crueldade e opress\u00e3o.\u201d<\/p>\n

* Guilherme Perisse \u00e9 advogado do Projeto Prioridade Absoluta<\/a>, do Instituto Alana<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Koo, H. (2007). A Time Line of the Evolution of School Bullying in Differing Social Context. Asia Pacific Education Review, Vol. 8, No. 1, 107-116, dispon\u00edvel em http:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ768971.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Freire, Alane Novais, & Aires, Janu\u00e1ria Silva. (2012). A contribui\u00e7\u00e3o da psicologia escolar na preven\u00e7\u00e3o e no enfrentamento do Bullying. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional<\/em>, 16<\/em>(1), 55-60. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1590\/S1413-85572012000100006<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a>Stephan, Francesca, Almeida, Adriana Aparecida de, Salgado, Fellipe Soares, Senra, Luciana Xavier, & Louren\u00e7o, L\u00e9lio Moura. (2013). Bullying e aspectos psicossociais: estudo bibliom\u00e9trico. Temas em Psicologia<\/em>, 21<\/em>(1), 245-258. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.9788\/TP2013.1-17<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viol\u00eancia f\u00edsica, apelidos constrangedores, refer\u00eancias preconceituosas e outros comportamentos agressivos s\u00e3o formas pelas quais se pratica o bullying. Por Guilherme Periss\u00e9 *, via Promenino Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Telef\u00f4nica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[106,60],"class_list":["post-29014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-educacao","tag-bullying","tag-infancia"],"yoast_head":"\nO hist\u00f3rico e as formas de combate ao bullying no Brasil -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=29014\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O hist\u00f3rico e as formas de combate ao bullying no Brasil -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Viol\u00eancia f\u00edsica, apelidos constrangedores, refer\u00eancias preconceituosas e outros comportamentos agressivos s\u00e3o formas pelas quais se pratica o bullying. 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