{"id":30801,"date":"2017-12-24T08:11:10","date_gmt":"2017-12-24T11:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inclusive.org.br\/?p=30801"},"modified":"2017-12-24T08:11:10","modified_gmt":"2017-12-24T11:11:10","slug":"comentario-geral-4-sobre-educacao-inclusiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801","title":{"rendered":"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-9729\" src=\"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg\" alt=\"Cinco garotas est\u00e3o sentadas em carteiras em uma sala de aula. Todas usam uniforme de escola. A aluna do meio tem s\u00edndrome de Down, enquanto as outras quatro que est\u00e3o ao redor n\u00e3o apresentam nenhuma defici\u00eancia. A foto \u00e9 a capa da cartilha Escola para Todos.\" width=\"627\" height=\"418\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Emitido em 2016, com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia de todo mundo, o parecer (coment\u00e1rio geral n. 4), elaborado pelo\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/CRPD\/Pages\/CRPDIndex.aspx\">Comit\u00ea de monitoramento da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Defici\u00eancia<\/a>\u00a0detalha os requisitos para que o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, garantido pelo artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, seja aplicado em todos os pa\u00edses.<\/p>\n<p>Com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o dos volunt\u00e1rios Maria Claudia Oliveira, Lucio Carvalho e Patricia Almeida, respons\u00e1veis pela tradu\u00e7\u00e3o, o Movimento Down oferece a vers\u00e3o em portugu\u00eas deste importante documento para efetivar o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o de todos e convoca os interessados a contribu\u00edrem com sugest\u00f5es que melhorem a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o sem comprometer o texto original em ingl\u00eas publicado mais abaixo.<\/p>\n<p>Agradecemos\u00a0a Professora Maria Teresa Mantoan, Ana Claudia Figueiredo, vice-presidente da Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de S\u00edndrome de Down e Pedro Prata, da Escola de Gente,\u00a0 pelas contribui\u00e7\u00f5es na revis\u00e3o da tradu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>======================<\/p>\n<p><b>Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">_______________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">_____________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Comit\u00ea dos Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Coment\u00e1rio Geral No. 4 (2016) sobre o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Adotado em 26\/08\/2016)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>I INTRODU\u00c7\u00c3O<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historicamente encaradas como dependentes da\u00a0seguridade social, as pessoas com defici\u00eancia s\u00e3o agora reconhecidas pelas leis internacionais como titulares de direitos, inclusive o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e com base na igualdade de oportunidades. A Conven\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre os Direitos da Crian\u00e7a (CDC, 1989), a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial sobre Educa\u00e7\u00e3o para Todos (1990), as Regras das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Igualdade de Oportunidades para as Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia (1993), e a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de Salamanca e Enquadramento de A\u00e7\u00e3o (1994) incorporam medidas que atestam a crescente consci\u00eancia e compreens\u00e3o do direito \u00a0das pessoas com defici\u00eancia \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O reconhecimento da inclus\u00e3o como chave para alcan\u00e7ar o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o tem se fortalecido ao longo dos \u00faltimos 30 anos e est\u00e1 consagrado na Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia (doravante chamada a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o), primeiro instrumento de vincula\u00e7\u00e3o jur\u00eddica \u00a0que cont\u00e9m refer\u00eancia ao conceito de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva de qualidade. O Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel (ODS) 4 tamb\u00e9m afirma a qualidade da inclus\u00e3o e da educa\u00e7\u00e3o igualit\u00e1ria. A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva \u00e9 fundamental para atingir uma educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade para todos os estudantes, incluindo aqueles com defici\u00eancia, e para o desenvolvimento de sociedades inclusivas, pac\u00edficas e justas. Al\u00e9m disso, existe um poderoso<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0case<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0educacional, social e econ\u00f4mico a ser realizado. Como refletido no relat\u00f3rio tem\u00e1tico do\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Escrit\u00f3rio do Alto Comiss\u00e1rio das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para os Direitos Humanos &#8211; EACDH (em ingl\u00eas, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, OHCHR)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sobre o direito das pessoas com defici\u00eancia \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o (2013), somente a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva pode fornecer tanto a educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade quanto o desenvolvimento social para pessoas com defici\u00eancia, al\u00e9m da garantia da universalidade e da n\u00e3o discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No entanto, apesar dos progressos alcan\u00e7ados, o Comit\u00ea sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia (doravante: o Comit\u00ea) preocupa-se com a persist\u00eancia de profundos desafios. Milh\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia continuam a terem seu direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o negado. Para muitos outros, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel apenas em ambientes onde s\u00e3o separados de seus pares e recebem ensino simplificado e de qualidade inferior.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As barreiras que impedem o acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva para pessoas com defici\u00eancia podem ser atribu\u00eddas a diversos fatores, incluindo:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">incapacidade de compreender ou implementar o modelo de direitos humanos da defici\u00eancia, segundo o qual as barreiras dentro da comunidade e da sociedade s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis pela exclus\u00e3o, n\u00e3o os impedimentos pessoais das pessoas com defici\u00eancia;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">persistente discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o contra pessoas com defici\u00eancia, agravada pelo isolamento dos que ainda vivem em institui\u00e7\u00f5es de longa perman\u00eancia, e baixas expectativas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0quelas que vivem em contextos regulares, permitindo a escalada do medo e dos preconceitos, fazendo com que estes permane\u00e7am incontest\u00e1veis;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">falta de conhecimento sobre a natureza e as vantagens da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e de qualidade e da diversidade, inclusive em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 competitividade, na aprendizagem para todos; falta de informa\u00e7\u00e3o para todos os pais e falta de respostas adequadas para apoiar as demandas, levando a temores inapropriados e estere\u00f3tipos, como por exemplo o de que a inclus\u00e3o causaria preju\u00edzo \u00e0 qualidade da educa\u00e7\u00e3o, ou afetaria negativamente outras pessoas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">falta de dados desagregados e pesquisas (ambos necess\u00e1rios inclusive para responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o e o desenvolvimento de programas), que impedem o desenvolvimento de pol\u00edticas e interven\u00e7\u00f5es efetivas para promo\u00e7\u00e3o da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e de qualidade;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">falta de vontade pol\u00edtica, conhecimento t\u00e9cnico e capacidade na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, incluindo a falta de capacita\u00e7\u00e3o de todo o corpo docente;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">f)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mecanismos de financiamento impr\u00f3prios e inadequados para proporcionar incentivos e adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis para a inclus\u00e3o de estudantes com defici\u00eancia, coordena\u00e7\u00e3o inter-ministerial, apoio e sustentabilidade;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">falta de solu\u00e7\u00f5es e mecanismos legais para reivindicar repara\u00e7\u00e3o por viola\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem levar em conta os princ\u00edpios gerais estruturantes da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o em todas as medidas tomadas para implementar a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, e devem assegurar que tanto o processo quanto os resultados do desenvolvimento de um sistema educacional inclusivo estejam em conformidade com o artigo 3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O presente Coment\u00e1rio Geral \u00e9 aplic\u00e1vel a todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia real ou percebida.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2]<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea reconhece que alguns grupos correm mais risco de exclus\u00e3o da educa\u00e7\u00e3o do que outros, tais como: pessoas com defici\u00eancia intelectual ou m\u00faltiplas defici\u00eancias, pessoas com surdocegueira, pessoas com autismo ou pessoas com defici\u00eancia em situa\u00e7\u00e3o de emerg\u00eancia humanit\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em conformidade com o artigo 4, par\u00e1grafo 3, os Estados Partes devem consultar e envolver ativamente as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, inclusive crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, atrav\u00e9s das suas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es representativas (OPcDs), em todos os aspectos de planejamento, execu\u00e7\u00e3o, acompanhamento e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das pol\u00edticas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Pessoas com defici\u00eancia e, quando for o caso, as suas fam\u00edlias, devem ser reconhecidas como parceiras e n\u00e3o apenas destinat\u00e1rios da educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>II CONTE\u00daDO NORMATIVO DO ARTIGO \u00a024<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De acordo com o artigo 24, item 1, os Estados Partes devem assegurar a concretiza\u00e7\u00e3o do direito das pessoas com defici\u00eancia \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s de um sistema educacional inclusivo em todos os n\u00edveis, incluindo pr\u00e9-escola, ensino fundamental, m\u00e9dio e superior<\/span><b>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0treinamento vocacional e educa\u00e7\u00e3o continuada, atividades extracurriculares e sociais, para todos os estudantes, incluindo as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com os outros.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva requer uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o na cultura, nas pol\u00edticas e pr\u00e1ticas em todos os ambientes educacionais formais e informais para acomodar as diferentes necessidades e identidades individuais dos estudantes, juntamente com o compromisso de eliminar as barreiras que impedem essa possibilidade. Envolve o refor\u00e7o da capacidade do sistema de ensino a fim de alcan\u00e7ar todos os estudantes. Centra-se na plena e efetiva participa\u00e7\u00e3o, acessibilidade, comparecimento e conquistas de todos os estudantes, especialmente aqueles que, por diferentes raz\u00f5es, est\u00e3o exclu\u00eddos ou em risco de serem marginalizados. Inclus\u00e3o envolve o acesso e o progresso na educa\u00e7\u00e3o formal e informal de alta qualidade, sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o. A inclus\u00e3o procura habilitar as comunidades, sistemas e estruturas a combater a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo os estere\u00f3tipos prejudiciais, reconhecendo a diversidade, promovendo a participa\u00e7\u00e3o e superando as barreiras ao aprendizado e \u00e0 participa\u00e7\u00e3o de todos, concentrando-se no bem-estar e sucesso dos estudantes com defici\u00eancia. Ela exige uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o profunda dos sistemas de ensino em termos de legisla\u00e7\u00e3o e pol\u00edticas, bem como de mecanismos de financiamento, administra\u00e7\u00e3o, e de desenho, oferta e acompanhamento da aprendizagem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva deve ser entendida como:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Um direito humano fundamental de todos os estudantes. Notadamente, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o direito do estudante individual e n\u00e3o, no caso das crian\u00e7as, o direito de um pai ou cuidador. As responsabilidades parentais a este respeito s\u00e3o subordinadas aos direitos da crian\u00e7a;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Um princ\u00edpio que valoriza o bem-estar de todos os estudantes, respeita a sua dignidade e autonomia inerentes, reconhece as necessidades individuais e sua capacidade de efetivamente ser inclu\u00eddo e contribuir para a sociedade;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Um dos meios para realizar outros direitos humanos. \u00c9 o principal meio pelo qual as pessoas com defici\u00eancia podem se livrar da pobreza, obter condi\u00e7\u00f5es para participarem ativamente em suas comunidades, e se protegerem da explora\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3]<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ele tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 o principal meio para se alcan\u00e7ar sociedades inclusivas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O resultado de um processo de comprometimento cont\u00ednuo e proativo para eliminar as barreiras que impedem o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, bem como altera\u00e7\u00f5es na cultura, pol\u00edtica e pr\u00e1tica de escolas regulares para acomodar e incluir todos os estudantes de forma eficaz.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea ressalta a import\u00e2ncia de reconhecer as diferen\u00e7as entre exclus\u00e3o, segrega\u00e7\u00e3o, integra\u00e7\u00e3o e inclus\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0ocorre quando os estudantes est\u00e3o direta ou indiretamente impedidos ou tem negado o acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o em qualquer forma. A\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">segrega\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0ocorre quando a educa\u00e7\u00e3o de estudantes com defici\u00eancia \u00e9 oferecida em ambientes separados, concebidos ou usados para atender a uma determinada ou v\u00e1rias defici\u00eancias, isolados de estudantes sem defici\u00eancia. A\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">integra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00e9 um processo de inser\u00e7\u00e3o de pessoas com defici\u00eancia em institui\u00e7\u00f5es de ensino tradicionais existentes, desde que elas possam se ajustar aos padr\u00f5es estabelecidos de tais institui\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4]<\/span>\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclus\u00e3o<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0envolve um processo de reforma sistem\u00e1tica, incorporando altera\u00e7\u00f5es e modifica\u00e7\u00f5es no conte\u00fado, m\u00e9todos de ensino, abordagens, estruturas e estrat\u00e9gias em mat\u00e9ria de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, para superar as barreiras com uma vis\u00e3o que serve para fornecer a todos os estudantes da faixa et\u00e1ria relevante uma experi\u00eancia e ambiente de aprendizagem igualit\u00e1rios e participativos, que melhor correspondam \u00e0s suas necessidades e prefer\u00eancias. Colocar os estudantes com defici\u00eancia no ensino regular sem as mudan\u00e7as estruturais necess\u00e1rias &#8211; \u00a0por exemplo, organiza\u00e7\u00e3o, curr\u00edculo e estrat\u00e9gias de ensino e aprendizagem &#8211; n\u00e3o constitui inclus\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m disso, a integra\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o garante automaticamente a transi\u00e7\u00e3o da segrega\u00e7\u00e3o para a inclus\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As principais caracter\u00edsticas da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva s\u00e3o:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abordagem atrav\u00e9s de sistema integrado: os minist\u00e9rios da educa\u00e7\u00e3o devem assegurar que sejam investidos todos os recursos necess\u00e1rios para promover a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e para introduzir e incorporar as mudan\u00e7as necess\u00e1rias na cultura, nas pol\u00edticas e nas pr\u00e1ticas institucionais;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ambiente educacional integrado: o comprometimento das lideran\u00e7as das institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais \u00e9 essencial para introduzir e incorporar a cultura, as pol\u00edticas e as pr\u00e1ticas para alcan\u00e7ar a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva em todas as \u00e1reas e em todos os n\u00edveis, inclusive no ensino em sala de aula e nos relacionamentos, reuni\u00f5es de diretoria, supervis\u00e3o de professores, servi\u00e7os de aconselhamento e cuidados m\u00e9dicos, passeios escolares, aloca\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias, todos os interc\u00e2mbios com pais de estudantes com e sem defici\u00eancia e, quando aplic\u00e1vel, com a comunidade local ou o p\u00fablico em geral;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abordagem pessoal integrada: reconhecer a capacidade de cada pessoa de aprender, e estabelecer expectativas elevadas para todos os estudantes, incluindo os que t\u00eam defici\u00eancia. O ensino inclusivo oferece curr\u00edculos flex\u00edveis, m\u00e9todos de ensino e aprendizagem adaptados aos diferentes pontos fortes, necessidades e estilos de aprendizagem de cada estudante. Esta abordagem requer a presta\u00e7\u00e3o de apoio, adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis e interven\u00e7\u00e3o precoce para que todos os estudantes possam desenvolver todo o seu potencial. O planejamento das atividades pedag\u00f3gicas deve ser mais focado nas habilidades e aspira\u00e7\u00f5es do estudante do que no conte\u00fado. A abordagem pessoal integrada tem como objetivo acabar com a segrega\u00e7\u00e3o no espa\u00e7o educativo atrav\u00e9s da garantia de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva em sala de aula num ambiente de aprendizagem acess\u00edvel e com o apoio apropriado. O sistema educacional deve garantir ao estudante uma resposta personalizada, ao inv\u00e9s de esperar que o estudante se encaixe no sistema;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apoio aos professores: todos os professores e outros funcion\u00e1rios recebem educa\u00e7\u00e3o e treinamento necess\u00e1rios para internalizar os princ\u00edpios fundamentais e adquirir as compet\u00eancias essenciais para promover a adapta\u00e7\u00e3o de ambientes de aprendizagem inclusivos, inclusive professores com defici\u00eancia. A cultura inclusiva oferece um ambiente prop\u00edcio e acess\u00edvel, que encoraja o trabalho e a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas atrav\u00e9s da colabora\u00e7\u00e3o e da intera\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0e)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respeito e valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da diversidade: todos os membros da comunidade de aprendizagem s\u00e3o igualmente acolhidos, respeitados em sua diversidade, independentemente da defici\u00eancia, ra\u00e7a, cor, sexo, l\u00edngua, cultura lingu\u00edstica, religi\u00e3o, opini\u00f5es pol\u00edticas ou outras, origem nacional, \u00e9tnica, ind\u00edgena ou social, poder econ\u00f4mico, nascimento, idade ou outra condi\u00e7\u00e3o. Todos os estudantes devem se sentir valorizados, respeitados, inclu\u00eddos e ouvidos. S\u00e3o tomadas medidas eficazes para evitar abusos e \u201cbullying\u201d . Inclus\u00e3o requer que cada estudante tenha respeitada a sua capacidade de se manifestar livremente.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">f)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ambiente de aprendizagem amig\u00e1vel: ambientes de aprendizagem inclusivos s\u00e3o ambientes acess\u00edveis onde todos se sintam seguros, apoiados, estimulados e capazes de se expressar, com \u00eanfase no envolvimento dos pr\u00f3prios estudantes na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma comunidade escolar acolhedora. O grupo de colegas recebe reconhecimento pelo aprendizado e constru\u00e7\u00e3o de rela\u00e7\u00f5es, amizades e aceita\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transi\u00e7\u00f5es eficazes: os estudantes com defici\u00eancia recebem o apoio necess\u00e1rio para assegurar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o eficaz entre a aprendizagem na escola e a educa\u00e7\u00e3o profissional e superior e, finalmente, para o trabalho. Os estudantes desenvolvem suas capacidades e auto-confian\u00e7a, recebem a adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel, recebem tratamento igualit\u00e1rio nos procedimentos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o, exames, e suas capacidades e realiza\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o \u00a0certificadas \u00a0em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com os outros;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reconhecimento de parcerias. associa\u00e7\u00f5es de professores, associa\u00e7\u00f5es de estudantes e federa\u00e7\u00f5es e OPcDs, conselhos escolares, associa\u00e7\u00f5es de pais e professores e outros grupos de apoio escolar, tanto formais quanto informais, s\u00e3o encorajados a ampliar sua compreens\u00e3o e conhecimento sobre defici\u00eancia. O envolvimento dos pais ou cuidadores e da comunidade \u00e9 visto como importante ativo que contribui com for\u00e7a e recursos. A rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o ambiente de aprendizagem e a comunidade em geral deve ser reconhecida como um caminho na dire\u00e7\u00e3o de sociedades inclusivas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0i)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acompanhamento: como se trata de um processo cont\u00ednuo, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva deve ser monitorada e avaliada regularmente para assegurar que segrega\u00e7\u00e3o ou integra\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o aconte\u00e7a, formal ou informalmente. De acordo com o artigo 33, o monitoramento deve envolver pessoas com defici\u00eancia, incluindo crian\u00e7as e pessoas com defici\u00eancias severas, atrav\u00e9s de OPcDs, bem como pais ou cuidadores de crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, quando apropriado. Indicadores de inclus\u00e3o das pessoas com defici\u00eancia devem ser desenvolvidos e utilizados de acordo com a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em conformidade com a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o contra a Discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para a Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, a Ci\u00eancia e a Cultura (UNESCO) e para tornar efetivo o artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia, par\u00e1grafo 1, os Estados Partes devem assegurar que o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o seja garantido sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e com base na igualdade de oportunidades. Os Estados Partes devem proibir toda a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o com base na defici\u00eancia e garantir a todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia uma prote\u00e7\u00e3o igual e efetiva contra a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o por qualquer motivo. Pessoas com defici\u00eancia est\u00e3o sujeitas a experimentar discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o interseccional baseada na defici\u00eancia, sexo, religi\u00e3o, condi\u00e7\u00e3o legal, origem \u00e9tnica, idade, orienta\u00e7\u00e3o sexual ou l\u00edngua. Al\u00e9m disso, os pais, irm\u00e3os e outros parentes podem experimentar discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o por motivo de defici\u00eancia por associa\u00e7\u00e3o. As medidas necess\u00e1rias para abordar todas as formas de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o incluem a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de barreiras legais, f\u00edsicas, de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e linguagem, sociais, financeiras e atitudinais dentro das institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais e da comunidade. O direito \u00e0 n\u00e3o-discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o inclui o direito de n\u00e3o ser segregado e de receber adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel, e deve ser entendido no contexto do dever de proporcionar ambientes de aprendizagem acess\u00edveis e adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Situa\u00e7\u00f5es de conflito armado, emerg\u00eancias humanit\u00e1rias e desastres naturais afetam desproporcionalmente o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Os Estados Partes devem adotar estrat\u00e9gias inclusivas de redu\u00e7\u00e3o de risco de desastres para garantir ampla seguran\u00e7a das escolas que atendam aos estudantes com defici\u00eancia em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de emerg\u00eancia. Os ambientes de aprendizagem tempor\u00e1ria nesses contextos devem garantir o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas, e particularmente das crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, baseado na igualdade com os demais. Isso inclui materiais educacionais acess\u00edveis, instala\u00e7\u00f5es escolares, aconselhamento e acesso a treinamento em l\u00edngua de sinais local para estudantes surdos. De acordo com o artigo 11 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia, e reconhecendo o aumento do risco de viol\u00eancia sexual nesses ambientes, devem ser tomadas medidas para garantir que os ambientes de aprendizagem sejam seguros e acess\u00edveis para mulheres e meninas com defici\u00eancia. Os estudantes com defici\u00eancia n\u00e3o devem ter acesso negado a estabelecimentos de ensino com base no fato de que a sua evacua\u00e7\u00e3o em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de emerg\u00eancia seria imposs\u00edvel, e adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis devem ser fornecidas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 1 (a) seja implementado e em conformidade com a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o Universal dos Direitos Humanos, o Pacto Internacional dos Direitos Econ\u00f3micos, Sociais e Culturais e com a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser destinada ao pleno desenvolvimento do potencial humano, senso de dignidade e amor-pr\u00f3prio e fortalecimento do respeito aos direitos humanos e \u00e0 diversidade humana. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar que a educa\u00e7\u00e3o esteja de acordo com os objetivos e metas do Pacto Internacional dos Direitos Econ\u00f3micos, Sociais e Culturais interpretados \u00e0 luz da Declara\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial sobre Educa\u00e7\u00e3o para Todos (art. 1), Conven\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a (art.9 (1)), Declara\u00e7\u00e3o e Plano de A\u00e7\u00e3o de Viena (Parte I, para 33, e Parte II, para. 80) e Plano de A\u00e7\u00e3o para a D\u00e9cada das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para a Educa\u00e7\u00e3o em Direitos Humanos (para. 2). Estes documentos incluem elementos adicionais, tais como refer\u00eancias \u00e0 igualdade de g\u00e9nero e respeito pelo meio-ambiente.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A garantia do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o de acesso, bem como de conte\u00fado, e esfor\u00e7os devem ser direcionados para que englobem uma ampla gama de valores, incluindo compreens\u00e3o e toler\u00e2ncia.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[6]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva deve visar a promo\u00e7\u00e3o do respeito m\u00fatuo e valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de todas as pessoas e a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de ambientes educacionais em que a abordagem da aprendizagem, a cultura da institui\u00e7\u00e3o educacional e o pr\u00f3prio curr\u00edculo reflitam o valor da diversidade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 1 (b) seja implementado, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser direcionada para o desenvolvimento da personalidade, talentos e criatividade das pessoas com defici\u00eancia, bem como suas habilidades mentais, f\u00edsicas e comunicacionais ao m\u00e1ximo potencial. A educa\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas com defici\u00eancia muitas vezes se concentra em uma abordagem deficit\u00e1ria, focada em sua defici\u00eancia real ou percebida, limitando as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de seu potencial devido a preconceitos pr\u00e9-definidos e negativos. Os Estados Partes devem apoiar a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de oportunidades para desenvolver os pontos fortes e talentos \u00fanicos de cada pessoa com defici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 1 (c) seja implementado, as metas da educa\u00e7\u00e3o devem ser direcionadas de modo a permitir que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia tenham plena e efetiva participa\u00e7\u00e3o em uma sociedade livre. Lembrando que o artigo 23 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a salienta que, no que se refere \u00e0s crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, deve ser prestada assist\u00eancia para garantir que tenham &#8220;acesso efetivo \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o de modo a conduzir a mais completa integra\u00e7\u00e3o social e desenvolvimento individual poss\u00edvel&#8221;. Os Estados Partes devem reconhecer que o apoio individual e a adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel s\u00e3o assuntos priorit\u00e1rios e devem ser gratuitos e obrigat\u00f3rios em todos os n\u00edveis obrigat\u00f3rios de educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 2 (a) seja implementado, a exclus\u00e3o de pessoas com defici\u00eancia do sistema educacional geral deve ser proibida, incluindo atrav\u00e9s de quaisquer disposi\u00e7\u00f5es legislativas ou regulamentares que limitem sua inclus\u00e3o com base em sua defici\u00eancia ou no &#8220;n\u00edvel&#8221; de seu comprometimento, como por exemplo condicionar a inclus\u00e3o ao potencial do indiv\u00edduo, ou alegando acarretar uma carga desproporcional e indevida para fugir da obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de fornecer uma adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel. Educa\u00e7\u00e3o geral significa todos os ambientes de aprendizagem regulares e o departamento de educa\u00e7\u00e3o. Exclus\u00e3o direta seria classificar certos estudantes como &#8220;n\u00e3o-educ\u00e1veis&#8221; e, portanto, ineleg\u00edveis para ter acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A exclus\u00e3o indireta seria a exig\u00eancia de passar num teste comum como condi\u00e7\u00e3o para a entrada na escola sem adapta\u00e7\u00f5es e apoios razo\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 4 (1) (b) da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o seja implementado, os Estados Partes devem tomar todas as medidas cab\u00edveis, incluindo legislativas, para modificar ou abolir leis, regulamentos, costumes e pr\u00e1ticas existentes que constituam discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o contra pessoas com defici\u00eancia e que violem o artigo 24. Quando necess\u00e1rio, leis, regulamentos, costumes e pr\u00e1ticas discriminat\u00f3rias devem ser revogadas ou alteradas de forma sistem\u00e1tica e com prazo estabelecido.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 2 (b) seja implementado, as pessoas com defici\u00eancia devem ter acesso a educa\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria e secund\u00e1ria inclusiva, de qualidade e gratuita, e que se assegure uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o suave entre as duas em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com outras pessoas nas comunidades onde vivem. O Comit\u00ea baseia-se na recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o feita pelo Comit\u00ea dos Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais de que, para cumprir esta obriga\u00e7\u00e3o, o sistema educativo deve incluir as quatro seguintes caracter\u00edsticas inter-relacionadas: disponibilidade, acessibilidade, aceitabilidade e adaptabilidade.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[7]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Disponibilidade<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"21\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Institui\u00e7\u00f5es e programas educacionais p\u00fablicos e privados devem estar dispon\u00edveis em quantidade e qualidade suficientes. Os Estados Partes devem garantir uma ampla disponibilidade de vagas para estudantes com defici\u00eancia em todos os n\u00edveis em toda a comunidade.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Acessibilidade<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"22\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em conformidade com o artigo 9 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, e com o Coment\u00e1rio Geral n\u00ba 2 do Comit\u00ea, as institui\u00e7\u00f5es e os programas educacionais devem ser acess\u00edveis a todos, sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o. Todo o sistema educativo deve ser acess\u00edvel, incluindo edif\u00edcios, oferta de informa\u00e7\u00f5es e comunica\u00e7\u00e3o (compreendendo modula\u00e7\u00e3o ambiente ou sistemas assistivos de modula\u00e7\u00e3o de frequ\u00eancia), curr\u00edculo, materiais de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, m\u00e9todos de ensino, avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e servicos de linguagem e de apoio. O ambiente dos estudantes com defici\u00eancia deve ser concebido de modo a promover a inclus\u00e3o e garantir o tratamento igualit\u00e1rio ao longo da sua educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[8]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Por exemplo, o transporte escolar, instala\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00e1gua e sanit\u00e1rias (incluindo banheiros), refeit\u00f3rios escolares e espa\u00e7os recreativos devem ser inclusivos, acess\u00edveis e seguros. Os Estados Partes devem se comprometer com a pronta introdu\u00e7\u00e3o do desenho universal. Os Estados Partes devem proibir e aplicar san\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o de quaisquer infra-estruturas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o futuras que n\u00e3o sejam acess\u00edveis, instituir um mecanismo de monitoramento eficiente e estabelecer prazo para que todos os ambientes educacionais existentes se tornem acess\u00edveis. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem comprometer-se a providenciar adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel em ambientes educacionais quando necess\u00e1rio. A abordagem do design universal n\u00e3o exclui a disponibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva, aplicativos e softwares para estudantes com defici\u00eancia que possam deles necessitar. A acessibilidade \u00e9 um conceito din\u00e2mico e sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o requer ajustes regulat\u00f3rios e t\u00e9cnicos peri\u00f3dicos. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar que o r\u00e1pido desenvolvimento de inova\u00e7\u00f5es e novas tecnologias destinadas a melhorar a aprendizagem seja acess\u00edvel a todos os estudantes, incluindo aqueles com defici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea destaca a falta generalizada de livros did\u00e1ticos e materiais de aprendizagem em formatos e idiomas acess\u00edveis, incluindo l\u00edngua de sinais. Os Estados Partes devem investir no desenvolvimento adequado de recursos em tinta ou Braille e em formatos digitais, inclusive atrav\u00e9s do uso de tecnologia inovadora. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem considerar o desenvolvimento de padr\u00f5es e diretrizes para a convers\u00e3o de material impresso em formatos e linguagens acess\u00edveis, bem como tornar a acessibilidade um aspecto central das aquisi\u00e7\u00f5es de materiais relacionados \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o. O Comit\u00ea recorda a urg\u00eancia de ratificar e implementar o Tratado de Marrakesh para Facilitar o Acesso a Obras Publicadas para Pessoas Cegas, com Defici\u00eancia Visual ou outras Defici\u00eancias para o Acesso ao Texto Impresso.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A acessibilidade exige que a educa\u00e7\u00e3o em todos os n\u00edveis seja acess\u00edvel para estudantes com defici\u00eancia. A adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel n\u00e3o deve implicar custos adicionais para estudantes com defici\u00eancia. O ensino prim\u00e1rio obrigat\u00f3rio, de qualidade, gratuito e acess\u00edvel \u00e9 uma obriga\u00e7\u00e3o urgente. De acordo com a Agenda para o Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel de 2030, os Estados Partes devem adotar, progressivamente, medidas para garantir que todas as crian\u00e7as, incluindo crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, completem educa\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria gratuita, igualit\u00e1ria e de qualidade, e assegurem a igualdade de acesso a todas as mulheres e homens com defici\u00eancia \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica, vocacional e de ensino superior de qualidade e a pre\u00e7os acess\u00edveis, incluindo universidade e educa\u00e7\u00e3o continuada. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia tenham acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o em institui\u00e7\u00f5es acad\u00eamicas p\u00fablicas e privadas em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com outras pessoas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Aceitabilidade<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"25\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A aceitabilidade \u00e9 a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de conceber e implementar todas as instala\u00e7\u00f5es, bens e servi\u00e7os relacionados com a educa\u00e7\u00e3o, tendo em conta e respeitando plenamente os requisitos, culturas, vis\u00f5es e linguagens das pessoas com defici\u00eancia. A forma e o conte\u00fado da educa\u00e7\u00e3o fornecida devem ser aceit\u00e1veis para todos. Os Estados Partes devem adotar medidas de a\u00e7\u00e3o afirmativa para garantir que a educa\u00e7\u00e3o seja de boa qualidade para todos.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[9]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A inclus\u00e3o e a qualidade s\u00e3o rec\u00edprocas: uma abordagem inclusiva pode contribuir significativamente para a qualidade da educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea encoraja os Estados Partes a aplicarem a abordagem do Desenho Universal para o Aprendizado<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(DUA), que consiste num conjunto de princ\u00edpios, que proporciona aos professores e outros funcion\u00e1rios uma estrutura para criar ambientes de aprendizagem adapt\u00e1veis e desenvolver planos de estudo \u00a0para atender \u00e0s diversas necessidades de todos os estudantes. O DUA reconhece que cada estudante aprende de uma maneira \u00fanica e envolve: o desenvolvimento de formas flex\u00edveis para aprender, a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um ambiente motivador em sala de aula; manter expectativas altas para todos os estudantes e ao mesmo tempo permitir m\u00faltiplas formas de atender \u00e0s expectativas; capacitar os professores a pensar de maneira diferente sobre sua pr\u00f3pria maneira de ensinar; e concentrar esfor\u00e7os em resultados educacionais para todos, inclusive pessoas com defici\u00eancia. Os curr\u00edculos devem ser concebidos, projetados e aplicados para atender e se ajustar aos requisitos de cada estudante e oferecer propostas pedag\u00f3gicas adequadas. As avalia\u00e7\u00f5es padronizadas devem ser substitu\u00eddas por formas de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o flex\u00edveis e m\u00faltiplas e pelo reconhecimento do progresso individual com vistas a objetivos abrangentes que ofere\u00e7am caminhos alternativos para a aprendizagem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em conformidade com o par\u00e1grafo 2 (b) do artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, as pessoas com defici\u00eancia devem frequentar escolas prim\u00e1rias e secund\u00e1rias nas comunidades onde vivem. Os estudantes n\u00e3o devem ser enviados para longe de casa. O ambiente educacional deve ser de f\u00e1cil acesso para pessoas com defici\u00eancia, inclusive atrav\u00e9s de transporte seguro; alternativamente, deve ser acess\u00edvel por meio de tecnologia de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e informa\u00e7\u00e3o. No entanto, os Estados Partes devem evitar confiar exclusivamente na tecnologia como substituto do envolvimento direto de estudantes com defici\u00eancia e intera\u00e7\u00e3o com professores e colegas em quem se espelhar no pr\u00f3prio ambiente educacional. A participa\u00e7\u00e3o ativa com outros estudantes, incluindo irm\u00e3os de estudantes com defici\u00eancia, \u00e9 um componente importante do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em conformidade com o par\u00e1grafo 2 (c) do artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o os Estados Partes devem oferecer adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis que permitam que cada estudante, individualmente, tenha acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com outras pessoas. A &#8220;razoabilidade&#8221; \u00e9 entendida como resultado do exame do contexto, que envolve uma an\u00e1lise da relev\u00e2ncia e da efetividade das adapta\u00e7\u00f5es e o objetivo esperado de combater a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o. A disponibilidade de recursos e implica\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras devem ser levadas em conta no caso de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es muito dispendiosas. O dever de fornecer adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio a partir do momento em que s\u00e3o solicitadas.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[10]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Pol\u00edticas de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel devem ser adotadas nas institui\u00e7\u00f5es de educa\u00e7\u00e3o da esfera nacional e local e em todos os n\u00edveis de educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A oferta de uma adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel deve ser considerada \u00e0 luz da obriga\u00e7\u00e3o geral de desenvolver um sistema educacional inclusivo, maximizando o uso dos recursos existentes e desenvolvendo novos. O uso da falta de recursos e crises financeiras como justificativas para a falta de avan\u00e7o em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva viola o artigo 24.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea reitera a distin\u00e7\u00e3o entre o direito \u00e0 acessibilidade em geral e a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de proporcionar adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[11]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A acessibilidade beneficia grupos da popula\u00e7\u00e3o e \u00e9 baseada em um conjunto de padr\u00f5es que s\u00e3o implementados gradualmente. Desproporcionalidade ou carga indevida n\u00e3o podem ser alegadas para justificar a falta de acessibilidade. Adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel refere-se a um indiv\u00edduo e \u00e9 complementar \u00e0 obrigatoriedade de acessibilidade. Um indiv\u00edduo pode solicitar medidas de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis legitimamente, mesmo que o Estado Parte tenha cumprido seu dever de acessibilidade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A defini\u00e7\u00e3o de proporcionalidade variar\u00e1 necessariamente de acordo com o contexto. A disponibilidade de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es deve ser considerada com rela\u00e7\u00e3o a um conjunto maior de recursos educacionais dispon\u00edveis no sistema educacional, e n\u00e3o limitada aos recursos dispon\u00edveis na institui\u00e7\u00e3o acad\u00eamica em quest\u00e3o; a transfer\u00eancia de recursos dentro do sistema deve ser possibilitada. N\u00e3o existe uma f\u00f3rmula \u00fanica para adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel, e diferentes estudantes com a mesma defici\u00eancia podem exigir adapta\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. As adapta\u00e7\u00f5es podem incluir a altera\u00e7\u00e3o da localiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma sala de aula, fornecer diferentes formas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o na classe, ampliar impress\u00f5es, materiais e \/ ou conte\u00fados em sinais, ou oferecer material em um formato alternativo, oferecer aos estudantes um algu\u00e9m que tome notas ou um int\u00e9rprete de l\u00edngua de sinais ou outra l\u00edngua, ou ainda permitir que os estudantes usem tecnologia assistiva para situa\u00e7\u00f5es de aprendizagem e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o. A oferta de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o-materiais, tais como dar mais tempo a um estudante, reduzir os n\u00edveis de ru\u00eddo no ambiente (sensibilidade \u00e0 sobrecarga sensorial), usar m\u00e9todos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o alternativos ou substituir um elemento do curr\u00edculo por um elemento alternativo, tamb\u00e9m devem ser considerados. Autoridades educacionais e os provedores, a institui\u00e7\u00e3o acad\u00eamica, os estudantes com defici\u00eancia e, dependendo da idade e da capacidade do estudante, se necess\u00e1rio, os pais \/ cuidadores e \/ ou membros da fam\u00edlia, devem estabelecer discuss\u00f5es para garantir que as adapta\u00e7\u00f5es atendam \u00e0s necessidades, vontades, prefer\u00eancias e escolhas dos estudantes e possam ser implementadas pela institui\u00e7\u00e3o educacional. A oferta de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel pode n\u00e3o estar condicionada a um diagn\u00f3stico m\u00e9dico de defici\u00eancia e deve basear-se na avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das barreiras sociais \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A nega\u00e7\u00e3o de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel constitui discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e o dever de providenciar adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel deve ser aplicado imediatamente e n\u00e3o sujeito a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar que sejam estabelecidos sistemas independentes para monitorar a adequa\u00e7\u00e3o e a efic\u00e1cia das adapta\u00e7\u00f5es e fornecer mecanismos de repara\u00e7\u00e3o seguros, oportunos e acess\u00edveis quando estudantes com defici\u00eancia e, se for o caso, suas fam\u00edlias, considerarem que n\u00e3o tenham sido adequadamente fornecidas ou tenham sofrido discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o. As medidas para proteger as v\u00edtimas de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o contra a vitimiza\u00e7\u00e3o durante o processo de repara\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o essenciais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o par\u00e1grafo 2 (d) seja implementado, os estudantes com defici\u00eancia devem ter garantido o apoio de que necessitam para facilitar sua educa\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva e permitir que atinjam seu potencial em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com os demais. O apoio, em termos de disponibilidade servi\u00e7os em geral e instala\u00e7\u00f5es dentro do sistema educacional, deve garantir que os estudantes com defici\u00eancia possam desenvolver o seu potencial da melhor maneira poss\u00edvel, incluindo, por exemplo, a provis\u00e3o de pessoal docente treinado e com apoio suficiente, conselheiros escolares, psic\u00f3logos e outros profissionais de sa\u00fade e servi\u00e7os sociais relevantes, bem como acesso a bolsas de estudo e recursos financeiros.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para o par\u00e1grafo (2) do artigo 24 ser implementado, apoio personalizado cont\u00ednuo e adequado seja fornecido diretamente. O Comit\u00ea enfatiza a necessidade de providenciar planos de educa\u00e7\u00e3o individualizados, que possam identificar as adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis e o apoio espec\u00edfico necess\u00e1rio para o estudante individualmente, incluindo apoios de tecnologia assistiva, materiais de aprendizagem espec\u00edficos em formatos alternativos \/ acess\u00edveis, modos e meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e aux\u00edlio e assist\u00eancia na comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e tecnologia de informa\u00e7\u00e3o. O suporte tamb\u00e9m pode ser ofertado atrav\u00e9s de um assistente de aprendizagem qualificado, compartilhado ou individual, dependendo das necessidades do estudante. Os planos de educa\u00e7\u00e3o individualizados devem abordar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de estudantes de contextos segregados para ambientes inclusivos e entre n\u00edveis diferentes de educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A efic\u00e1cia desses planos deve ser monitorada e avaliada regularmente com o envolvimento direto do estudante em quest\u00e3o. O tipo de provid\u00eancias deve ser determinado em colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com o estudante, em conjunto, quando apropriado, com os pais ou cuidadores ou terceiros. O estudante deve ter acesso a mecanismo de recurso se o suporte n\u00e3o estiver dispon\u00edvel ou for inadequado.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Todas as medidas de apoio oferecidas devem ser compat\u00edveis com o objetivo da inclus\u00e3o. Assim, elas devem ser projetadas para fortalecer as oportunidades para os estudantes com defici\u00eancia participarem na sala de aula e nas atividades fora da escola ao lado de seus pares, em lugar de marginaliz\u00e1-los.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 3, muitos Estados Partes est\u00e3o falhando n\u00e3o est\u00e3o fornecendo condi\u00e7\u00f5es adequadas \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia, particularmente as pessoas no espectro do autismo, com defici\u00eancias de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e defici\u00eancias sensoriais, para que elas adquiram habilidades de vida di\u00e1ria, de linguagem e sociais essenciais para a participa\u00e7\u00e3o na educa\u00e7\u00e3o e em suas comunidades.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estudantes cegos, com baixa vis\u00e3o e deficientes visuais devem ter oportunidade de aprender Braille, escrita alternativa, modos, meios e formatos de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o aumentativos e alternativos, assim como meios de mobilidade e orienta\u00e7\u00e3o. O investimento no acesso \u00e0 tecnologia apropriada e sistemas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o alternativos para facilitar a aprendizagem deve ser promovido. Esquemas de mentores e apoio de pares devem ser introduzidos e encorajados.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os estudantes surdos e com defici\u00eancia auditiva devem ter a oportunidade de aprender\u00a0l\u00edngua de sinais e devem ser tomadas medidas para o reconhecimento e promo\u00e7\u00e3o da identidade lingu\u00edstica da comunidade surda. O Comit\u00ea chama a aten\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Partes para a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o da UNESCO contra a Discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, que estabelece o direito das crian\u00e7as a serem ensinadas em sua pr\u00f3pria l\u00edngua, e lembra aos Estados Partes que o Artigo 30 (4) exige que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia tenham direito, de forma igual aos demais, ao reconhecimento e apoio \u00e0 sua identidade cultural e lingu\u00edstica espec\u00edfica, incluindo linguagem de sinais e cultura surda. Al\u00e9m disso, os estudantes com dificuldade de audi\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m devem ter acesso a servi\u00e7os de fonoaudiologia de qualidade, aro de indu\u00e7\u00e3o magn\u00e9tico e legendagem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os estudantes que s\u00e3o cegos, surdos ou surdocegos devem receber educa\u00e7\u00e3o nas l\u00ednguas, modos e meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o mais adequados para o indiv\u00edduo e em ambientes que maximizem o desenvolvimento pessoal, acad\u00eamico e social, tanto dentro como fora da escola formal. O Comit\u00ea enfatiza que, para que tais ambientes inclusivos, os Estados Partes devem fornecer o apoio necess\u00e1rio, inclusive por meio de recursos, tecnologia assistiva e meios de orienta\u00e7\u00e3o e mobilidade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os estudantes com defici\u00eancia de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o devem ter a oportunidade de se expressar e aprender usando comunica\u00e7\u00e3o alternativa ou aumentativa. Isso pode incluir, mas n\u00e3o est\u00e1 limitado a, provis\u00e3o de l\u00edngua de sinais, aux\u00edlios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o de baixa ou alta tecnologia, como tablets com fun\u00e7\u00e3o de fala, meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o com sa\u00edda de voz e cadernos de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o. Os Estados Partes devem investir no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, tecnologia e servi\u00e7os, a fim de promover o acesso \u00e0 tecnologia apropriada e sistemas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o alternativos para facilitar a aprendizagem.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os estudantes com dificuldades de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o social devem ser apoiados atrav\u00e9s de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es na organiza\u00e7\u00e3o da sala de aula, incluindo trabalhar em pares, monitoria de pares, sentar-se pr\u00f3ximo ao professor e cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um ambiente estruturado e previs\u00edvel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">f)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os estudantes com defici\u00eancias intelectuais devem receber materiais de ensino e aprendizagem concretos, de f\u00e1cil observa\u00e7\u00e3o \/ leitura dentro de um ambiente de aprendizagem seguro, silencioso e estruturado, visando capacidades que ir\u00e3o preparar melhor os estudantes para a vida independente e contextos vocacionais. Os Estados Partes devem investir em salas de aula interativas e inclusivas, usando estrat\u00e9gias de instru\u00e7\u00e3o e m\u00e9todos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o alternativos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do artigo 24, par\u00e1grafo 4, os Estados Partes devem tomar as medidas adequadas para empregar pessoal administrativo, docente e n\u00e3o-docente habilitado para trabalhar eficazmente em ambientes educativos inclusivos e qualificados em l\u00edngua de sinais e \/ ou Braille, e meios de orienta\u00e7\u00e3o e mobilidade. Um n\u00famero adequado de funcion\u00e1rios qualificados e comprometidos nas escolas \u00e9 fundamental para a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o e sustentabilidade da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. A falta de compreens\u00e3o e capacidade continuam sendo barreiras significativas \u00e0 inclus\u00e3o. Os Estados Partes devem garantir que todos os professores sejam treinados em educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva com base no modelo de direitos humanos da defici\u00eancia .<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem investir e apoiar o recrutamento e a educa\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua de professores com defici\u00eancia. Isso inclui a remo\u00e7\u00e3o de barreiras legislativas ou pol\u00edticas que exijam que candidatos cumpram crit\u00e9rios espec\u00edficos de elegibilidade m\u00e9dica e a disponibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis para sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o como professores. Sua presen\u00e7a servir\u00e1 para promover a igualdade de direitos para as pessoas com defici\u00eancia de ingressar na profiss\u00e3o docente, trazer conhecimentos e habilidades \u00fanicas para ambientes de aprendizagem, contribuir para quebrar barreiras e servir como modelos importantes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que o artigo 24 (5) seja efetivo, os Estados Partes devem garantir que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia tenham acesso ao ensino superior geral, \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o profissional, \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o de adultos e ao ensino continuado sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com outras pessoas. As barreiras de atitude, f\u00edsicas, lingu\u00edsticas, de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, financeiras, legais e outras para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o nesses n\u00edveis devem ser identificadas e removidas para garantir o acesso igualit\u00e1rio. Devem ser providenciadas adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis \u00a0para garantir que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia n\u00e3o sejam discriminadas. Os Estados Partes devem considerar tomar medidas de a\u00e7\u00e3o afirmativa no ensino superior a favor de estudantes com defici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>III OBRIGA\u00c7\u00d5ES DOS ESTADOS PARTES<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"39\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem respeitar, proteger e cumprir cada um dos aspectos essenciais do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva: disponibilidade, acessibilidade, aceitabilidade, adaptabilidade. Para respeitar, \u00e9 fundamental evitar medidas que impe\u00e7am o gozo do direito, como a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o excluindo crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, ou a nega\u00e7\u00e3o de acessibilidade ou adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel.Para proteger, devem ser tomadas medidas que impe\u00e7am que terceiros interfiram no gozo do direito, por exemplo, os pais se recusarem a enviar meninas com defici\u00eancia \u00e0 escola, ou as institui\u00e7\u00f5es privadas se recusarem a matricular pessoas com defici\u00eancia com base em suas limita\u00e7\u00f5es. Para cumprir, \u00e9 requerida a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas que permitam e ajudem as pessoas com defici\u00eancia a desfrutarem o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, por exemplo, que as institui\u00e7\u00f5es de ensino sejam acess\u00edveis e que os sistemas educacionais sejam adaptados adequadamente com recursos e servi\u00e7os.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Artigo 4 (2) exige que os Estados Partes adotem medidas envolvendo o m\u00e1ximo de seus recursos dispon\u00edveis em mat\u00e9ria de direitos econ\u00f4micos, sociais e culturais e, quando necess\u00e1rio, dentro de um quadro de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o internacional, com o objetivo de alcan\u00e7ar progressivamente a plena realiza\u00e7\u00e3o desses direitos. Concretiza\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva significa que os Estados Partes t\u00eam uma obriga\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edfica e cont\u00ednua de avan\u00e7ar o mais r\u00e1pido e eficazmente poss\u00edvel para a plena execu\u00e7\u00e3o do artigo 24.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[12]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 compat\u00edvel com a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de dois sistemas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o: sistemas de ensino regular e especial\/segregado. A concretiza\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva deve ser interpretada de acordo com o objetivo geral da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de estabelecer obriga\u00e7\u00f5es claras para os Estados Partes em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 plena efetiva\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos em quest\u00e3o. Do mesmo modo, os Estados Partes s\u00e3o encorajados a redefinir as dota\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o, incluindo a transfer\u00eancia de or\u00e7amentos para desenvolver educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Qualquer medida de retrocesso deliberado a esse respeito n\u00e3o deve afetar estudantes com defici\u00eancia desproporcionalmente em qualquer n\u00edvel de educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[13]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Deve ser apenas uma medida tempor\u00e1ria, limitada ao per\u00edodo de crise, devendo ser necess\u00e1ria e equilibrada, n\u00e3o-discriminat\u00f3ria e incluir todas as medidas poss\u00edveis para mitigar as desigualdades.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[14]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A concretiza\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva n\u00e3o afeta as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es aplic\u00e1veis imediatamente. Como expressado pelo Comit\u00ea sobre Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais no Coment\u00e1rio Geral n\u00b0. 3 (1990) sobre a natureza das obriga\u00e7\u00f5es dos Estados Partes, estes t\u00eam um conjunto m\u00ednimo de obriga\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas de garantir a satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o, pelo menos, um n\u00edvel m\u00ednimo essencial de cada um dos aspectos do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[15]<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Portanto, os Estados Partes devem implementar os seguintes direitos fundamentais com efeito imediato:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00e3o-discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o em todos os aspectos da educa\u00e7\u00e3o e abrangendo todos os motivos de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o proibidos internacionalmente. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar a n\u00e3o-exclus\u00e3o das pessoas com defici\u00eancia na educa\u00e7\u00e3o e eliminar as desvantagens estruturais para alcan\u00e7ar uma efetiva participa\u00e7\u00e3o e igualdade para todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia. Eles devem tomar medidas urgentes para remover todas as formas jur\u00eddicas, administrativas e outros tipos de discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o que impe\u00e7am o direito de acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. A ado\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas de a\u00e7\u00e3o afirmativa n\u00e3o constitui uma viola\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 n\u00e3o-discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, desde que tais medidas n\u00e3o levem \u00e0 manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de padr\u00f5es desiguais ou separados para diferentes grupos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis para garantir a n\u00e3o-exclus\u00e3o de pessoas com defici\u00eancia da educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A n\u00e3o-concess\u00e3o de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis constitui discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o por motivo de defici\u00eancia;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensino prim\u00e1rio obrigat\u00f3rio e gratuito dispon\u00edvel para todos. Os Estados Partes devem tomar todas as medidas adequadas para garantir esse direito, com base na inclus\u00e3o, a todas as crian\u00e7as e jovens com defici\u00eancia. O Comit\u00ea encoraja os Estados Partes a garantir o acesso e a conclus\u00e3o de uma educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade para todas as crian\u00e7as e jovens por pelo menos 12 anos, de ensino prim\u00e1rio e secund\u00e1rio de qualidade e gratuito, com financiamento p\u00fablico, inclusivo e equitativo, dos quais pelo menos nove anos s\u00e3o obrigat\u00f3rios, bem como o acesso a uma educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade para crian\u00e7as e jovens fora da escola, atrav\u00e9s de uma s\u00e9rie de modalidades, de acordo com o Plano de A\u00e7\u00e3o Educa\u00e7\u00e3o 2030.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem adotar e implementar uma estrat\u00e9gia educacional nacional que inclua educa\u00e7\u00e3o em todos os n\u00edveis para todos os estudantes, com base na inclus\u00e3o e na igualdade de oportunidades. Os objetivos educacionais elaborados no par\u00e1grafo 1 do artigo 24 estabelecem obriga\u00e7\u00f5es equivalentes para os Estados Partes e, portanto, devem ser considerados com base de urg\u00eancia compar\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No que diz respeito \u00e0 coopera\u00e7\u00e3o internacional, e de acordo com o Objetivo do desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel (ODS) 4, e o Quadro de A\u00e7\u00e3o para a Educa\u00e7\u00e3o 2030, toda a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o bilateral e multilateral deve promover uma educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade inclusiva e equitativa e promover oportunidades de ensino continuado para todos, incluindo o apoio \u00e0 capacita\u00e7\u00e3o, interc\u00e2mbio e compartilhamento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es e de melhores pr\u00e1ticas, pesquisa, assist\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica e econ\u00f4mica e o acesso a tecnologias acess\u00edveis e assistivas. Todos os dados levantados e gastos da assist\u00eancia internacional em educa\u00e7\u00e3o devem ser separados por \u00e1rea da defici\u00eancia. \u00a0A discuss\u00e3o sobre a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um mecanismo de coordena\u00e7\u00e3o internacional sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva para a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do ODS 4 e constru\u00e7\u00e3o de evid\u00eancias contribuir\u00e1 para um melhor di\u00e1logo sobre pol\u00edticas e monitoramento do progresso.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>\u00a0RELA\u00c7\u00c3O COM OUTRAS DISPOSI\u00c7\u00d5ES DA CONVEN\u00c7\u00c3O<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem reconhecer a indivisibilidade e a interdepend\u00eancia de todos os direitos humanos.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[16]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A educa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 parte integrante da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o plena e efetiva de outros direitos. Por outro lado, o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva s\u00f3 pode ser realizado se outros direitos determinados forem implementados. Para isso, ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1ria a ado\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo de direitos humanos da defici\u00eancia, que reconhece a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de remo\u00e7\u00e3o das barreiras sociais que excluem e marginalizam as pessoas com defici\u00eancia e a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas para assegurar a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o dos direitos estabelecidos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O artigo 5 consagra o princ\u00edpio da prote\u00e7\u00e3o igualit\u00e1ria de todas as pessoas antes e de acordo com a lei. Os Estados Partes devem proibir toda discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o baseada em defici\u00eancia e proporcionar \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia uma prote\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva e uniforme contra a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o em todas as \u00e1reas. Para abordar a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o sist\u00eamica e estrutural e assegurar &#8220;igual benef\u00edcio da lei&#8221;, os Estados Partes devem tomar medidas de a\u00e7\u00e3o afirmativa como a remo\u00e7\u00e3o de barreiras arquitet\u00f4nicas e comunicacionais ou outras para o ensino geral.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O artigo 6 reconhece que mulheres e meninas com defici\u00eancia est\u00e3o sujeitas a m\u00faltiplas discrimina\u00e7\u00f5es e que os Estados Partes devem adotar medidas para assegurar o gozo igualit\u00e1rio de seus direitos. A discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o e a exclus\u00e3o interseccional representam obst\u00e1culos significativos \u00e0 realiza\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o para mulheres e meninas com defici\u00eancia. Os Estados Partes devem identificar e eliminar essas barreiras, incluindo a viol\u00eancia baseada em g\u00eanero e a desvaloriza\u00e7\u00e3o da educa\u00e7\u00e3o das mulheres e das meninas e implementar medidas espec\u00edficas para garantir que seu direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o seja impedido por discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o por g\u00eanero e\/ou defici\u00eancia, estigma ou preconceito. Os estere\u00f3tipos prejudiciais de g\u00eanero e\/ou defici\u00eancia devem ser combatidos em livros did\u00e1ticos e conte\u00fado curricular. A educa\u00e7\u00e3o desempenha um papel vital na luta contra as no\u00e7\u00f5es tradicionais de g\u00eanero que perpetuam os quadros societ\u00e1rios patriarcais e paternalistas.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[17]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Os Estados Partes devem assegurar o acesso e perman\u00eancia de meninas e mulheres com defici\u00eancia na educa\u00e7\u00e3o e em servi\u00e7os de reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o como instrumentos para seu desenvolvimento, progresso e empoderamento.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O artigo 7 afirma que, em todas as a\u00e7\u00f5es, o melhor interesse da crian\u00e7a deve ser a considera\u00e7\u00e3o primordial. O melhor interesse \u00e9 um conceito que visa garantir o gozo pleno e efetivo pela crian\u00e7a de todos os direitos humanos, bem como o desenvolvimento hol\u00edstico da crian\u00e7a.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[18]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Qualquer determina\u00e7\u00e3o do melhor interesse de uma crian\u00e7a com defici\u00eancia deve considerar os pontos de vista e a identidade individual da crian\u00e7a, a preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da fam\u00edlia, cuidados, prote\u00e7\u00e3o e seguran\u00e7a da crian\u00e7a, qualquer vulnerabilidade particular e o direito da crian\u00e7a \u00e0 sa\u00fade e \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o. O Conven\u00e7\u00e3o dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a afirma que pol\u00edticas e provis\u00f5es educacionais devem ser baseadas no melhor interesse da crian\u00e7a. O artigo 7 (3) assinala ainda que as crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia t\u00eam o direito de expressar os seus pontos de vista e que estes \u00faltimos tenham o devido peso em todos os assuntos que as afetem, de acordo com sua idade e maturidade em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com outras crian\u00e7as, e que para poder express\u00e1-los elas devem ter assist\u00eancia adequada \u00e0 idade e \u00e0 sua defici\u00eancia. Garantir o direito das crian\u00e7as de participarem na sua educa\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser aplicado igualmente \u00e0s crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia em seus pr\u00f3prios planos de aprendizagem e educa\u00e7\u00e3o individualizada, dentro da pedagogia da sala de aula, atrav\u00e9s dos conselhos escolares, no desenvolvimento de pol\u00edticas e sistemas escolares e no desenvolvimento de uma pol\u00edtica educacional mais ampla.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[19]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O artigo 8 exige medidas para aumentar a conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o e desafiar os estere\u00f3tipos, os preconceitos e as pr\u00e1ticas prejudiciais em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia, em particular as que afetam as mulheres e meninas com defici\u00eancia, as pessoas com defici\u00eancia intelectual e as que necessitam de apoio intensivo. Essas barreiras impedem o acesso e o aprendizado efetivo no sistema educacional. O Comit\u00ea observa a pr\u00e1tica de alguns pais de crian\u00e7as sem defici\u00eancia que removem seus filhos de escolas inclusivas alegando falta de conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o e compreens\u00e3o da natureza da defici\u00eancia. Os Estados Partes devem adotar medidas para construir uma cultura da diversidade, participa\u00e7\u00e3o e envolvimento na vida comunit\u00e1ria e destacar a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva como meio de alcan\u00e7ar uma educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade para todos os estudantes, com e sem defici\u00eancia, pais, professores e administradores escolares, bem como a comunidade e a sociedade. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar que sejam criados mecanismos para promover, em todos os n\u00edveis do sistema educacional, e entre os pais e o p\u00fablico em geral, uma atitude de respeito pelos direitos das pessoas com defici\u00eancia. A sociedade civil, em particular as OPcDs, deve ser envolvida em todas as atividades de conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os artigos 9 e 24 est\u00e3o intimamente interligados. A acessibilidade \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9via para a participa\u00e7\u00e3o plena e igualit\u00e1ria das pessoas com defici\u00eancia na sociedade. As pessoas com defici\u00eancia n\u00e3o podem exercer efetivamente seu direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva sem a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de ambiente acess\u00edvel, incluindo escolas e todos os outros locais de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, sem transporte p\u00fablico, servi\u00e7os, informa\u00e7\u00f5es e comunica\u00e7\u00e3o acess\u00edveis. Os modos e os meios de ensino devem ser acess\u00edveis e devem ser conduzidos em ambientes acess\u00edveis. Todo o ambiente dos estudantes com defici\u00eancia deve ser concebido de forma a promover a inclus\u00e3o. A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva em si \u00e9 uma ferramenta poderosa para a promo\u00e7\u00e3o da acessibilidade e do desenho universal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea chama a aten\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Partes para coment\u00e1rios gerais n \u00b01, (2014) sobre o reconhecimento da igualdade perante a lei e enfatiza que a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva oferece uma oportunidade para desenvolver a express\u00e3o da vontade e das prefer\u00eancias dos estudantes com defici\u00eancia, particularmente aqueles com quest\u00f5es psicossociais ou defici\u00eancias intelectuais. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar que a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva apoie os estudantes com defici\u00eancia no fortalecimento de sua auto-confian\u00e7a para exercer sua capacidade legal, proporcionando o apoio necess\u00e1rio em todos os n\u00edveis educacionais, inclusive para diminuir a necessidade de apoio no futuro, se assim o desejarem..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pessoas com defici\u00eancia, particularmente mulheres e meninas, podem ser desproporcionalmente afetadas pela viol\u00eancia e abuso, incluindo puni\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas e humilha\u00e7\u00f5es por parte de agentes de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, como por exemplo atrav\u00e9s do uso de conten\u00e7\u00e3o e do isolamento, e bullying por parte de outros, na escola e a caminho desta. Para que o artigo 16 (2) seja implementado, os Estados Partes devem tomar \u00a0todas as medidas adequadas para proteger e prevenir todas as formas de viol\u00eancia e abuso contra as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, incluindo a viol\u00eancia sexual. Essas medidas devem ser adequadas \u00e0 idade, g\u00eanero e defici\u00eancia. O Comit\u00ea apoia firmemente as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es do Comit\u00ea dos Direitos da crian\u00e7a, Comit\u00ea de Direitos Humanos e Comit\u00ea de Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, de que os Estados Partes devem proibir todas as formas de castigos corporais e tratamentos cru\u00e9is, desumanos e degradantes em todos os contextos, incluindo nas escolas, e garantir san\u00e7\u00f5es efetivas contra os perpetradores.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[20]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Incentiva as escolas e outros centros educacionais a envolver estudantes, incluindo estudantes com defici\u00eancia, no desenvolvimento de pol\u00edticas, incluindo mecanismos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o acess\u00edveis, para abordar medidas disciplinares e bullying, incluindo o ciberbullying, que \u00e9 cada vez mais reconhecido como uma caracter\u00edstica crescente da vida dos estudantes, particularmente crian\u00e7as.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva exige o reconhecimento do direito das pessoas com defici\u00eancia a viver dentro da comunidade e desfrutar da inclus\u00e3o e de participa\u00e7\u00e3o na comunidade (artigo 19). Tamb\u00e9m exige o reconhecimento do direito igual das pessoas com defici\u00eancia \u00e0 vida familiar ou, na sua falta, a cuidados alternativos dentro de um ambiente comunit\u00e1rio. As crian\u00e7as sob tutela do Estado Parte que residem, por exemplo, em casas lares, abrigos ou institui\u00e7\u00f5es, devem ter assegurados o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e o direito de recorrer contra decis\u00f5es do Estado Parte que lhes nega o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Muitas pessoas com defici\u00eancia continuam vivendo em institui\u00e7\u00f5es de longa perman\u00eancia, sem acesso a servi\u00e7os oferecidos na comunidade, incluindo a educa\u00e7\u00e3o, consistente com seu direito a vida familiar, vida comunit\u00e1ria, liberdade de associa\u00e7\u00e3o, prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra a viol\u00eancia e acesso \u00e0 justi\u00e7a. A introdu\u00e7\u00e3o da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva na comunidade local deve acontecer junto a um compromisso estrat\u00e9gico com o fim das institui\u00e7\u00f5es para pessoas com defici\u00eancia (ver par\u00e1grafo 66 abaixo). Os Estados Partes devem observar o papel que o exerc\u00edcio do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva desempenhar\u00e1 na constru\u00e7\u00e3o dos pontos fortes, habilidades e compet\u00eancias necess\u00e1rias para que todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia desfrutem, se beneficiem e contribuam para suas comunidades locais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva seja concretizada de forma eficaz, as pessoas com defici\u00eancia devem ter garantias de mobilidade pessoal independente (artigo 20). Onde o transporte n\u00e3o estiver dispon\u00edvel prontamente, e onde n\u00e3o houver auxiliar pessoal dispon\u00edvel para apoiar o acesso \u00e0s institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais, as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, especialmente pessoas cegas e com defici\u00eancia visual, devem receber forma\u00e7\u00e3o adequada em orienta\u00e7\u00e3o e mobilidade para promover uma maior independ\u00eancia. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem proporcionar \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia a oportunidade de adquirir aparelhos e apoios para mobilidade a um custo acess\u00edvel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A observ\u00e2ncia do direito das pessoas com defici\u00eancia de desfrutar o mais alto padr\u00e3o poss\u00edvel de sa\u00fade sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o (artigo 25) \u00a0\u00e9 fundamental para que ela se beneficie beneficiar plenamente da educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A capacidade de frequentar ambientes educacionais e aprender de forma eficaz \u00e9 seriamente comprometida pela falta de acesso \u00e0 sa\u00fade e ao tratamento e cuidados adequados. Os Estados Partes devem estabelecer programas de sa\u00fade, higiene e nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, sob uma perspectiva de g\u00eanero, que sejam integrados aos servi\u00e7os educacionais e que permitam o monitoramento cont\u00ednuo de todas as necessidades de sa\u00fade. Esses programas devem ser desenvolvidos com base nos princ\u00edpios do desenho universal e acessibilidade, fornecer visitas regulares de enfermeiras escolares e avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de sa\u00fade e criar parcerias comunit\u00e1rias. As pessoas com defici\u00eancia, em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com os demais, devem dispor de educa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre sexualidade \u00a0abrangente e inclusiva, com base em evid\u00eancias cient\u00edficas, de acordo com padr\u00f5es de direitos humanos e em formatos acess\u00edveis.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem tomar medidas efetivas para providenciar servi\u00e7os de habilita\u00e7\u00e3o e reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o dentro do sistema educacional, incluindo servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade, ocupacionais, f\u00edsicos, sociais, de aconselhamento e outros servi\u00e7os (artigo 26). Tais servi\u00e7os devem come\u00e7ar na fase mais inicial poss\u00edvel, adotar uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o multidisciplinar dos pontos fortes de um estudante e apoiar a m\u00e1xima independ\u00eancia, autonomia, respeito da dignidade, capacidade f\u00edsica, mental, social e habilidade vocacional e inclus\u00e3o e participa\u00e7\u00e3o em todos os aspectos da vida. O Comit\u00ea enfatiza a import\u00e2ncia de apoiar o desenvolvimento da reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o baseada na comunidade, que envolve a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o precoce da defici\u00eancia e o apoio aos pares.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva de qualidade deve proporcionar \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia a prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para a vida profissional, com base nos conhecimentos, habilidades e confian\u00e7a necess\u00e1rias para a participa\u00e7\u00e3o no mercado de trabalho geral e em um ambiente de trabalho aberto, inclusivo e acess\u00edvel (artigo 27).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A plena participa\u00e7\u00e3o na vida pol\u00edtica e p\u00fablica \u00e9 refor\u00e7ada atrav\u00e9s da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Os curr\u00edculos para todos os estudantes devem incluir o tema cidadania e as habilidades de auto-defensoria e auto-representa\u00e7\u00e3o como base fundamental para a participa\u00e7\u00e3o em processos pol\u00edticos e sociais. Os assuntos p\u00fablicos incluem a forma\u00e7\u00e3o e participa\u00e7\u00e3o em organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de estudantes, como gr\u00eamios estudantis, e os Estados Partes devem promover um ambiente em que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia possam participar plena e efetivamente dessas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es estudantis atrav\u00e9s de todas as formas de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e linguagem de sua escolha (artigo 29).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem remover as barreiras e promover a acessibilidade e disponibilizar oportunidades inclusivas para as pessoas com defici\u00eancia participarem em igualdade de condi\u00e7\u00f5es com outras pessoas em jogos, recrea\u00e7\u00e3o e esporte no sistema escolar, atividades extracurriculares e outros ambientes educacionais (artigo 30).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[21]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Devem ser implementadas medidas adequadas dentro do ambiente educacional para garantir \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia oportunidades de acesso \u00e0 vida cultural e de desenvolver e utilizar seu potencial criativo, art\u00edstico e intelectual, n\u00e3o s\u00f3 em seu pr\u00f3prio benef\u00edcio, mas tamb\u00e9m para o enriquecimento da sociedade. Tais medidas devem garantir que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia tenham direito ao reconhecimento da sua identidade cultural e lingu\u00edstica espec\u00edfica, incluindo l\u00edngua de sinais e cultura surda.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>IMPLEMENTA\u00c7\u00c3O EM N\u00cdVEL NACIONAL<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea identificou uma s\u00e9rie de desafios enfrentados constantemente pelos Estados Partes para a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do artigo 24. \u00a0A fim de implementar e sustentar um sistema educativo inclusivo para todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, as seguintes medidas devem ser adotadas a n\u00edvel nacional:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A responsabilidade pela educa\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas com defici\u00eancia em todos os n\u00edveis, juntamente com a educa\u00e7\u00e3o de outras pessoas, deve ser do minist\u00e9rio da educa\u00e7\u00e3o. Em muitos pa\u00edses, a educa\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas com defici\u00eancia \u00e9 atualmente colocada \u00e0 margem, ficando entre a compet\u00eancia dos minist\u00e9rios do de desenvolvimento social ou sa\u00fade, o que acarretou, entre outras quest\u00f5es, a exclus\u00e3o da legisla\u00e7\u00e3o, pol\u00edticas, planejamento e recursos de educa\u00e7\u00e3o geral, n\u00edvel de investimento per capita mais baixo para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o das pessoas com defici\u00eancia, a falta de estruturas abrangentes e harm\u00f4nicas para apoiar a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, a falta de coleta integrada de dados sobre matr\u00edcula, perman\u00eancia e aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o e a incapacidade de desenvolver a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores em educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Os Estados Partes devem tomar medidas urgentes para colocar a educa\u00e7\u00e3o de estudantes com defici\u00eancia sob a compet\u00eancia do minist\u00e9rio da educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estados partes devem garantir um compromisso abrangente e intersetorial \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva em todo o governo. A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva n\u00e3o pode ser efetivada pelos minist\u00e9rios da educa\u00e7\u00e3o isoladamente. Todos os minist\u00e9rios e comiss\u00f5es relevantes que sejam respons\u00e1veis por artigos substantivos da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o devem conciliar posi\u00e7\u00f5es e comprometer-se com as implica\u00e7\u00f5es de um sistema educacional inclusivo, a fim de alcan\u00e7ar uma abordagem integrada, trabalhando colaborativamente na dire\u00e7\u00e3o de uma agenda compartilhada. Devem ser adotadas medidas de responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o para todos os minist\u00e9rios envolvidos de modo a manter esses compromissos. Tamb\u00e9m devem ser criadas parcerias com prestadores de servi\u00e7os, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia, m\u00eddia, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es da sociedade civil, autoridades locais, associa\u00e7\u00f5es e federa\u00e7\u00f5es de estudantes, universidades e institui\u00e7\u00f5es de forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estados-partes, em todos os n\u00edveis, devem implementar ou introduzir legisla\u00e7\u00e3o com base no modelo de direitos humanos da defici\u00eancia que cumpra totalmente com o artigo 24. O Comit\u00ea lembra que o artigo 4 (5) exige que os Estados federais assegurem que o artigo 24 seja implementado sem limita\u00e7\u00f5es ou exce\u00e7\u00f5es em todas as partes do Estado Parte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deve ser introduzido um arcabou\u00e7o legislativo e pol\u00edticas para a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva abrangente e coordenado, com prazo claro e adequado para implementa\u00e7\u00e3o e san\u00e7\u00f5es por viola\u00e7\u00f5es. Este arcabou\u00e7o deve abordar quest\u00f5es de flexibilidade, diversidade e igualdade em todas as institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais para todos os estudantes e identificar responsabilidades em todos os n\u00edveis de governo. Os principais elementos incluir\u00e3o:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conformidade com os normas internacionais de direitos humanos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uma clara defini\u00e7\u00e3o de inclus\u00e3o e os objetivos espec\u00edficos que busca atingir em todos os n\u00edveis educacionais. Os princ\u00edpios e pr\u00e1ticas de inclus\u00e3o devem ser considerados como parte integrante da reforma e n\u00e3o apenas um programa complementar;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O direito substantivo \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva como elemento-chave do arcabou\u00e7o legislativo. As cl\u00e1usulas que definem certas categorias de estudantes como &#8220;ineduc\u00e1veis&#8221;, por exemplo, devem ser revogadas;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">d)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Garantia de que os estudantes com e sem defici\u00eancia tenham o mesmo direito de acessar oportunidades de aprendizado inclusivas, dentro do sistema de educa\u00e7\u00e3o geral e, de modo individual, aos servi\u00e7os de suporte necess\u00e1rios em todos os n\u00edveis;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exig\u00eancia para que todas as novas escolas sejam concebidas e constru\u00eddas de acordo com o princ\u00edpio do desenho universal seguindo os padr\u00f5es de acessibilidade, juntamente com um prazo para a adapta\u00e7\u00e3o das escolas existentes em conformidade com o coment\u00e1rio geral N\u00b0. 2 do Comit\u00ea. \u00c9 encorajado o uso de contratos p\u00fablicos para implementar este elemento;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">f)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de padr\u00f5es de qualidade para educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva abrangentes e mecanismos de monitoramento que incluam defici\u00eancia a fim de rastrear o progresso na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o em todos os n\u00edveis e garantir que pol\u00edticas e programas sejam implementados e respaldados pelo investimento necess\u00e1rio;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">g)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de mecanismos de monitoramento acess\u00edveis para garantir que a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da pol\u00edtica e o suprimento do investimento necess\u00e1rio;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reconhecer a necessidade de adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis como apoio \u00e0 inclus\u00e3o, com base em normas de direitos humanos, e n\u00e3o na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o eficiente de recursos, juntamente com san\u00e7\u00f5es por n\u00e3o oferecer adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toda legisla\u00e7\u00e3o que potencialmente afeta a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva dentro de um pa\u00eds deve indicar claramente a inclus\u00e3o como uma meta concreta;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">j)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sistema consistente para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o precoce, avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e suporte necess\u00e1rios para permitir que as pessoas com defici\u00eancia desenvolvam seu potencial em ambientes de aprendizagem inclusivos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">k)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obriga\u00e7\u00e3o das autoridades locais de planejar e oferecer acesso a \u00a0todos os estudantes, incluindo pessoas com defici\u00eancia, em ambientes e salas de aulas inclusivas, incluindo a linguagem mais adequadas, formatos acess\u00edveis, modos e meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">l)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estabelecimento de legisla\u00e7\u00e3o para garantir a todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, incluindo crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, o direito de ser ouvido e ter \u00a0sua opini\u00e3o levada em considera\u00e7\u00e3o pelo sistema educacional, inclusive atrav\u00e9s de conselhos escolares, \u00f3rg\u00e3os de governo, governo local e nacional, bem como mecanismos atrav\u00e9s dos quais seja poss\u00edvel contestar e apelar de decis\u00f5es relativas \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cria\u00e7\u00e3o de parcerias e coordena\u00e7\u00e3o entre todas as partes interessadas, incluindo as pessoas com defici\u00eancia, atrav\u00e9s de suas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es representativas, diferentes ag\u00eancias, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de desenvolvimento, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o governamentais (ONG) e com pais ou cuidadores.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"64\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A legisla\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser amparada por um plano setorial de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, desenvolvido em consulta com organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia, incluindo crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, e detalhando o processo de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de um sistema de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Deve conter prazo e metas mensur\u00e1veis, incluindo medidas para garantir consist\u00eancia. O plano deve ser constru\u00eddo a partir de uma an\u00e1lise abrangente do contexto atual referente \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, a fim de fornecer uma base a partir da qual progredir, incluindo dados sobre, por exemplo, aloca\u00e7\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias atuais, qualidade da coleta de dados, n\u00famero de crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia fora da escola, desafios e barreiras, leis e pol\u00edticas existentes, principais preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es tanto das pessoas com defici\u00eancia quanto das fam\u00edlias e do Estado Parte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estados Partes devem introduzir mecanismos de contesta\u00e7\u00e3o independentes, eficazes, acess\u00edveis, transparentes, seguros e execut\u00e1veis, bem como recursos legais em casos de viola\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o. As pessoas com defici\u00eancia devem ter acesso a sistemas de justi\u00e7a que compreendam como atender pessoas com defici\u00eancia e sejam capazes de lidar com reivindica\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas \u00e0 defici\u00eancia. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem assegurar que a informa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o em si e sobre como denunciar a nega\u00e7\u00e3o ou viola\u00e7\u00f5es deste direito deve ser amplamente difundida e divulgada para pessoas com defici\u00eancia, com o envolvimento de suas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es representativas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva \u00e9 incompat\u00edvel com a institucionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Os Estados Partes devem empenhar-se em um processo bem planejado e estruturado de desinstitucionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de pessoas com defici\u00eancia. Esse processo deve abordar: transi\u00e7\u00e3o planejada que defina um per\u00edodo de tempo definido para a transi\u00e7\u00e3o; introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de um dispositivo legislativo para desenvolver op\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas na comunidade; reorienta\u00e7\u00e3o de fundos e introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas multidisciplinares para apoiar e fortalecer os servi\u00e7os comunit\u00e1rios; provis\u00e3o de apoio \u00e0s fam\u00edlias; e colabora\u00e7\u00e3o e consulta com organiza\u00e7\u00f5es representativas de pessoas com defici\u00eancia, incluindo crian\u00e7as, bem como pais e cuidadores de pessoas com defici\u00eancia. Enquanto aguardam o processo de desinstitucionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, as pessoas que residem em institui\u00e7\u00f5es de longa perman\u00eancia devem ter acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, com efeito imediato, atrav\u00e9s da sua vincula\u00e7\u00e3o com institui\u00e7\u00f5es acad\u00eamicas inclusivas na comunidade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As interven\u00e7\u00f5es na primeira inf\u00e2ncia podem ser particularmente valiosas para crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia, servindo para fortalecer sua capacidade de se beneficiar da educa\u00e7\u00e3o e promover sua matr\u00edcula e perman\u00eancia na escola. Todas essas interven\u00e7\u00f5es devem garantir o respeito pela dignidade e autonomia da crian\u00e7a. De acordo com a Agenda para o Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel de 2030 e o Objetivo do Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel 4, os Estados Partes s\u00e3o instados a garantir o acesso ao desenvolvimento precoce, cuidados e educa\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9-prim\u00e1ria de qualidade na primeira inf\u00e2ncia, juntamente com a presta\u00e7\u00e3o de apoio e treinamento aos pais e cuidadores de crian\u00e7as pequenas com defici\u00eancia. Se identificadas e apoiadas desde cedo, as crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia t\u00eam maior probabilidade de fazer uma boa transi\u00e7\u00e3o para os ambientes de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva pr\u00e9-prim\u00e1rias e prim\u00e1rias. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar a coordena\u00e7\u00e3o entre todos os minist\u00e9rios, autoridades e \u00f3rg\u00e3os competentes, bem como organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia e outros parceiros n\u00e3o-governamentais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De acordo com o artigo 31, os Estados Partes devem colher dados desagregados adequados para formular pol\u00edticas, planos e programas para cumprir as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es que lhes incumbem por for\u00e7a do artigo 24. Devem introduzir medidas para resolver a falta de dados precisos sobre a preval\u00eancia de pessoas com de diferentes defici\u00eancias, bem como a falta de pesquisa suficiente de qualidade e dados relativos ao acesso, perman\u00eancia e progresso no ensino, fornecimento de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel e os resultados associados. Os dados de censos, levantamentos administrativos, incluindo o Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Gerenciamento de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, devem capturar dados sobre estudantes com defici\u00eancia, inclusive aqueles que ainda vivem em contextos institucionais. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem reunir dados desagregados e evid\u00eancias sobre as barreiras que impedem as pessoas com defici\u00eancia de ter acesso, permanecer e progredir em educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva de qualidade, a fim de permitir a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas efetivas para derrubar essas barreiras. Devem ser adotadas estrat\u00e9gias para superar a exclus\u00e3o de pessoas com defici\u00eancia de mecanismos padr\u00e3o de coleta de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, incluindo a relut\u00e2ncia dos pais em admitir a exist\u00eancia de uma crian\u00e7a com defici\u00eancia, falta de registro de nascimento ou invisibilidade dentro das institui\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os Estados Partes devem comprometer recursos financeiros e humanos suficientes ao longo do desenvolvimento do plano setorial de educa\u00e7\u00e3o e planos intersetoriais para apoiar a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva de acordo com o princ\u00edpio da consuma\u00e7\u00e3o progressiva. Os Estados Partes devem reformar seus sistemas de governan\u00e7a e mecanismos de financiamento para assegurar o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o de todas as pessoas com defici\u00eancia. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem alocar or\u00e7amentos usando mecanismos dispon\u00edveis no \u00e2mbito de processos de contrata\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica e parcerias com o setor privado. Essas aloca\u00e7\u00f5es devem priorizar, entre outras coisas, a garantia de recursos adequados para tornar acess\u00edveis as configura\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais existentes, investir na forma\u00e7\u00e3o em educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, disponibilizar adapta\u00e7\u00f5es razo\u00e1veis, fornecer transporte acess\u00edvel para a escola, disponibilizar livros apropriados e acess\u00edveis, bem como materiais de ensino e aprendizagem, garantindo o aprovisionamento de tecnologia assistiva e l\u00edngua de sinais, e implementando iniciativas de conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o para enfrentar o estigma e a discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o, particularmente o bullying em ambientes educacionais.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea insta os Estados Partes a transferirem recursos de ambientes segregados para ambientes inclusivos. Os Estados Partes devem desenvolver um modelo de financiamento que aloque recursos e incentivos para que ambientes educativos inclusivos forne\u00e7am o apoio necess\u00e1rio \u00e0s pessoas com defici\u00eancia. A determina\u00e7\u00e3o da abordagem mais adequada para o financiamento ser\u00e1 baseada de forma significativa pelo ambiente educacional existente e os requisitos de potenciais estudantes com defici\u00eancia que sejam afetados por ele.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deve ser iniciado um processo de educa\u00e7\u00e3o de todos os professores nos n\u00edveis de educa\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9-escolar, prim\u00e1ria, secund\u00e1ria, superior e profissional, a fim de fornecer-lhes as compet\u00eancias e valores essenciais necess\u00e1rios para trabalhar em ambientes educativos inclusivos. Isso exige adapta\u00e7\u00f5es para que haja treinamentos pr\u00e9vio e no curso do trabalho de modo a desenvolver n\u00edveis de habilidades adequados no menor tempo poss\u00edvel para facilitar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o para um sistema educacional inclusivo. Todos os professores devem receber material dedicado a prepar\u00e1-los para trabalhar em configura\u00e7\u00f5es inclusivas, bem como experi\u00eancia pr\u00e1tica em ambientes de aprendizagem onde eles possam desenvolver habilidades e confian\u00e7a para resolver problemas atrav\u00e9s de diversos desafios de inclus\u00e3o. O conte\u00fado principal da forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores deve abordar uma compreens\u00e3o b\u00e1sica da diversidade humana, crescimento e desenvolvimento, modelo de direitos humanos da defici\u00eancia e pedagogia inclusiva, que permite que os professores identifiquem as habilidades funcionais dos estudantes (pontos fortes, habilidades e estilos de aprendizagem), para garantir sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o em ambientes educativos inclusivos. A educa\u00e7\u00e3o dos professores deve incluir o aprendizado sobre o uso de modos, meios e formatos de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o aumentativos e alternativos apropriados, como Braille, impress\u00e3o em letras grandes, multim\u00eddia acess\u00edvel, linguagem simples, l\u00edngua de sinais e cultura surda, t\u00e9cnicas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o e materiais para apoiar pessoas com defici\u00eancias. Al\u00e9m disso, os professores precisam de orienta\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica e apoio, entre outros: na oferta de instru\u00e7\u00e3o individualizada; para ensinar o mesmo conte\u00fado usando m\u00e9todos de ensino variados, atendendo aos estilos de aprendizagem e habilidades \u00fanicas de cada pessoa; no desenvolvimento e uso de planos educacionais individuais para dar suporte \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas de aprendizagem; e na introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de uma pedagogia centrada em torno dos objetivos educacionais dos estudantes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva requer um sistema de apoio e recursos para professores em institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais em todos os n\u00edveis. Este sistema pode incluir parcerias entre institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais vizinhas, incluindo universidades, promovendo pr\u00e1ticas colaborativas, inclusive ensino em equipe, grupos de estudo, processos conjuntos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de estudantes, apoio de pares e visitas de interc\u00e2mbio, bem como parcerias com a sociedade civil. Os pais e cuidadores de estudantes com defici\u00eancia, quando apropriado, podem servir como parceiros no desenvolvimento e implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de programas de aprendizagem, incluindo planos de educa\u00e7\u00e3o individualizados. Eles podem desempenhar um papel importante no aconselhamento e apoio aos professores na presta\u00e7\u00e3o de apoio a estudantes individuais, mas isso nunca deve ser um pr\u00e9-requisito para admiss\u00e3o no sistema educacional. Os Estados Partes devem utilizar todas as fontes poss\u00edveis de apoio aos professores, incluindo os estudantes com defici\u00eancia e membros da comunidade local, que podem contribuir significativamente enquanto pares mentores, parcerias e na resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas. O seu envolvimento proporciona um recurso adicional na sala de aula e tamb\u00e9m serve para construir links com as comunidades locais, quebrar as barreiras e torn\u00e1-las mais sens\u00edveis e receptivas aos pontos fortes e necessidades dos estudantes com defici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As autoridades em todos os n\u00edveis devem ter capacidade, compromisso e recursos para implementar as leis, pol\u00edticas e programas em vigor para apoiar a educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva. Os Estados Partes devem assegurar o desenvolvimento e a oferta de treinamento de modo a informar todas as autoridades competentes das suas responsabilidades nos termos da lei e para proporcionar uma compreens\u00e3o dos direitos das pessoas com defici\u00eancia. As habilidades, conhecimentos e entendimentos necess\u00e1rios para implementar pol\u00edticas e pr\u00e1ticas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva incluir\u00e3o: compreens\u00e3o do conceito de direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e seus objetivos, conhecimento das leis e pol\u00edticas internacionais e nacionais relevantes, desenvolvimento de planos locais de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, colabora\u00e7\u00e3o e parcerias, apoio, orienta\u00e7\u00e3o e supervis\u00e3o de institui\u00e7\u00f5es locais de educa\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoramento e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva de qualidade requer m\u00e9todos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e monitoramento do progresso dos estudantes que considere as barreiras enfrentadas pelos estudantes com defici\u00eancia. Os sistemas tradicionais de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o, baseados nos resultados de testes padronizados como \u00fanico indicador de sucesso para estudantes e escolas podem prejudicar os estudantes com defici\u00eancia. A \u00eanfase deve ser no progresso individual em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a objetivos gerais. Com metodologias de ensino, suporte e adapta\u00e7\u00f5es adequadas, todos os curr\u00edculos podem ser ajustados para atender \u00e0s necessidades de todos os estudantes, incluindo aqueles com defici\u00eancia. Os sistemas inclusivos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de estudantes podem ser fortalecidos atrav\u00e9s de um sistema de apoio individualizado.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Em conformidade com o artigo 33, e para medir o progresso na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o do direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s do estabelecimento de um sistema de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, os Estados Partes devem desenvolver mecanismo de monitoramento estruturado com indicadores de processos e resultados, refer\u00eancias e metas espec\u00edficas para cada indicador na linha do Objetivo do Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel 4.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[22]<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0As pessoas com defici\u00eancia, atrav\u00e9s de suas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es representativas, devem ser envolvidas tanto na determina\u00e7\u00e3o dos indicadores, como na coleta de dados e estat\u00edsticas. Os indicadores estruturais devem medir os obst\u00e1culos \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e n\u00e3o limitar-se apenas \u00e0 coleta de dados desagregados por defici\u00eancia. Os indicadores de processo, como mudan\u00e7as na acessibilidade de ambientes f\u00edsicos, adapta\u00e7\u00f5es curriculares ou forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores, permitir\u00e3o monitorar o progresso da transforma\u00e7\u00e3o. Indicadores de resultados tamb\u00e9m devem ser estabelecidos, como por exemplo porcentagem de estudantes com defici\u00eancia em ambientes de aprendizagem inclusivos, obtendo a certifica\u00e7\u00e3o ou diploma oficial final, ou a porcentagem de estudantes com defici\u00eancia admitidos no ensino secund\u00e1rio. Os Estados Partes tamb\u00e9m devem considerar medir a qualidade da educa\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s, por exemplo, das cinco dimens\u00f5es recomendadas pela UNESCO: respeito aos direitos, equidade, relev\u00e2ncia, pertin\u00eancia, efici\u00eancia e efic\u00e1cia. O acompanhamento de medidas de a\u00e7\u00e3o afirmativa, como cotas ou incentivos, tamb\u00e9m pode ser considerado.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O Comit\u00ea observa o crescimento em muitos pa\u00edses da educa\u00e7\u00e3o do setor privado. Os Estados Partes devem reconhecer que o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva se estende \u00e0 provis\u00e3o de toda a educa\u00e7\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o apenas educa\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fablica. Os Estados Partes devem adotar medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra a viola\u00e7\u00e3o de direitos por parte de terceiros, incluindo o setor privado. No que diz respeito ao direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o, tais medidas devem abordar a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de garantir a oferta de educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva e, se necess\u00e1rio, envolver legisla\u00e7\u00e3o e regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoramento, supervis\u00e3o e fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e ado\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas para estabelecer um quadro legal para regular o impacto das empresas no efetivo gozo e exerc\u00edcio de direitos das pessoas com defici\u00eancia. Institui\u00e7\u00f5es de ensino, incluindo institui\u00e7\u00f5es educacionais privadas e empresas, n\u00e3o devem cobrar taxas adicionais por raz\u00f5es de acessibilidade e\/ou adapta\u00e7\u00e3o razo\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">___________________________________________________________________<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[1] A \/ HRC \/ 25\/29 e Corr.1, par. 3 e 68.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[2] Art. 1 (2) da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[3] Comit\u00ea de Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 13 (1999) sobre o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[4] Ver A \/ HRC \/ 25\/29 e Corr.1, par\u00e1grafo. 4, e o Fundo das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para a Inf\u00e2ncia (UNICEF), o direito das crian\u00e7as com defici\u00eancia na educa\u00e7\u00e3o: uma abordagem baseada nos direitos da educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva (Genebra, 2012).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[5] Comit\u00ea de Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[6] Comit\u00ea dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 1 (2001) sobre os objetivos da educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[7] Comit\u00ea de Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[8] Comit\u00ea dos Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia, coment\u00e1rio geral n.\u00ba 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[9] Comit\u00ea dos Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[10] Comit\u00ea dos Direitos das Pessoas com Defici\u00eancia, coment\u00e1rio geral n.\u00ba 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[11] Ibid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[12] Ver Comit\u00ea dos Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, coment\u00e1rio geral n.\u00ba 3 (1990) sobre a natureza das obriga\u00e7\u00f5es dos Estados Partes, par\u00e1grafo. 9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[13] Ibid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[14] Carta datada de 16 de maio de 2012, do Presidente do Comit\u00ea de Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, dirigida aos Estados Partes no Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[15] Comit\u00ea de Direitos Econ\u00f4micos, Sociais e Culturais, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[16] Ibid., Coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 11 (1999) sobre planos de a\u00e7\u00e3o para o ensino prim\u00e1rio e coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[17] Comit\u00e9 para a Elimina\u00e7\u00e3o da Discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o contra a Mulher &#8220;, nota conceitual sobre o projeto de recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o geral sobre o direito das meninas\/mulheres \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o&#8221; (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[18] Comit\u00ea dos Direitos da Crian\u00e7a, coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 14 (2013), sobre o direito da crian\u00e7a, de ter o seu melhor interesse como uma considera\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[19] Ibid., Coment\u00e1rio geral N\u00ba 12 (2009) no direito da crian\u00e7a a ser ouvido.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[20] Ibid., Coment\u00e1rio geral N\u00ba 8 (2006) sobre o direito da crian\u00e7a \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra castigos corporais e outras formas de puni\u00e7\u00e3o cruel ou degradante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[21] Ibid., Coment\u00e1rio geral n\u00ba 17 (2013) sobre o direito da crian\u00e7a para descansar, lazer, brincar, atividades recreativas, vida cultural e artes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0[22] Escrit\u00f3rio do Alto Comissariado das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para os Direitos Humanos, Indicadores dos Direitos Humanos: um Guia de Medi\u00e7\u00e3o e Implementa\u00e7\u00e3o (Nova York e Genebra, 2012).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Fonte:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/CRPD\/Pages\/GC.aspx\">http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/CRPD\/Pages\/GC.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n<p>==================<\/p>\n<p>Texto original em ingl\u00eas:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>United Nations<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">CRPD\/C\/GC\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Convention on the Rights<\/b><b>of Persons with Disabilities<\/b><\/td>\n<td>Distr.: General25 November 2016Original: English<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities<\/b><\/p>\n<p>General comment No. 4 (2016) on the right to inclusive education<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0Historically viewed as welfare recipients, persons with disabilities are now recognized under international law as rights holders with a claim to the right to education without discrimination and on the basis of equal opportunities. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the World Declaration on Education for All (1990), the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993) and the Salamanca statement and framework for action (1994) all include measures testifying to the growing awareness and understanding of the right of persons with disabilities to education.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0Recognition of inclusion as the key to achieving the right to education has strengthened over the past 30 years and is enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the first legally binding instrument to contain a reference to the concept of quality inclusive education. Sustainable Development Goal 4 too affirms the value of inclusive, quality and equitable education. Inclusive education is central to achieving high-quality education for all learners, including those with disabilities, and for the development of inclusive, peaceful and fair societies. Furthermore, there is a powerful educational, social and economic case to be made. As reflected in the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the thematic study on the right of persons with disabilities to education, only inclusive education can provide both quality education and social development for persons with disabilities, and a guarantee of universality and non-discrimination in the right to education.[1]<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0Despite the progress achieved, however, the Committee is concerned that profound challenges persist. Many millions of persons with disabilities continue to be denied the right to education and for many more education is available only in settings where persons with disabilities are isolated from their peers and where the education they receive is of an inferior quality.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0Barriers that impede access to inclusive education for persons with disabilities can be attributed to multiple factors, including:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The failure to understand or implement the human rights model of disability, according to which barriers within the community and society, rather than personal impairments, exclude persons with disabilities;<\/p>\n<p>(b) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Persistent discrimination against persons with disabilities, compounded by the isolation of those still living in long-term residential institutions, and low expectations about those in mainstream settings, allowing prejudices and fear to escalate and remain unchallenged;<\/p>\n<p>(c) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lack of knowledge about the nature and advantages of inclusive and quality education and diversity, including regarding competitiveness, in learning for all; lack of outreach to all parents; and lack of appropriate responses to support requirements, leading to misplaced fears and stereotypes that inclusion will cause a deterioration in the quality of education or otherwise have a negative impact on others;<\/p>\n<p>(d) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lack of disaggregated data and research (both of which are necessary for accountability and programme development), which impedes the development of effective policies and interventions to promote inclusive and quality education;<\/p>\n<p>(e) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lack of political will, technical knowledge and capacity in implementing the right to inclusive education, including insufficient education of all teaching staff;<\/p>\n<p>(f) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Inappropriate and inadequate funding mechanisms to provide incentives and reasonable accommodations for the inclusion of students with disabilities, interministerial coordination, support and sustainability;<\/p>\n<p>(g) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lack of legal remedies and mechanisms to claim redress for violations.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0States parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities must have regard for the underlying general principles of the Convention in all measures taken to implement inclusive education and must ensure that both the process and outcomes of developing an inclusive education system comply with article 3.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0The present general comment is applicable to all persons with actual or perceived disabilities.[2] The Committee recognizes that some groups are more at risk of exclusion from education than others, such as: persons with intellectual disabilities or multiple disabilities, persons who are deafblind, persons with autism or persons with disabilities in humanitarian emergencies.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0Consistent with article 4 (3), States parties must consult with and actively involve persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, through their representative organizations, in all aspects of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of inclusive education policies. Persons with disabilities and, when appropriate, their families, must be recognized as partners and not merely recipients of education.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Normative content of article 24<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0In accordance with article 24 (1), States parties must ensure the realization of the right of persons with disabilities to education through an inclusive education system at all levels, including preschool, primary, secondary and tertiary education, vocational training and lifelong learning, extracurricular and social activities, and for all students, including persons with disabilities, without discrimination and on an equal basis with others.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0Ensuring the right to inclusive education entails a transformation in culture, policy and practice in all formal and informal educational environments to accommodate the differing requirements and identities of individual students, together with a commitment to removing the barriers that impede that possibility. It involves strengthening the capacity of the education system to reach out to all learners. It focuses on the full and effective participation, accessibility, attendance and achievement of all students, especially those who, for different reasons, are excluded or at risk of being marginalized. Inclusion involves access to and progress in high-quality formal and informal education without discrimination. Inclusion seeks to enable communities, systems and structures to combat discrimination, including harmful stereotypes, recognize diversity, promote participation and overcome barriers to learning and participation for all by focusing on the well-being and success of students with disabilities. It requires an in-depth transformation of education systems in legislation, policy and the mechanisms for financing, administering, designing, delivering and monitoring education.<\/li>\n<li>Inclusive education is to be understood as:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A fundamental human right of all learners. Notably, education is the right of the individual learner and not, in the case of children, the right of a parent or caregiver. Parental responsibilities in this regard are subordinate to the rights of the child;<\/p>\n<p>(b) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A principle that values the well-being of all students, respects their inherent dignity and autonomy, and acknowledges individuals\u2019 requirements and their ability to effectively be included in and contribute to society;<\/p>\n<p>(c) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A means of realizing other human rights. It is the primary means by which persons with disabilities can lift themselves out of poverty, obtain the means to participate fully in their communities and be safeguarded from exploitation.[3] It is also the primary means of achieving inclusive societies;<\/p>\n<p>(d) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The result of a process of continuing and proactive commitment to eliminating barriers impeding the right to education, together with changes to culture, policy and practice of regular schools to accommodate and effectively include all students.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li>The Committee highlights the importance of recognizing the differences between exclusion, segregation, integration and inclusion. Exclusion occurs when students are directly or indirectly prevented from or denied access to education in any form. Segregation occurs when the education of students with disabilities is provided in separate environments designed or used to respond to a particular impairment or to various impairments, in isolation from students without disabilities. Integration is the process of placing persons with disabilities in existing mainstream educational institutions with the understanding that they can adjust to the standardized requirements of such institutions.[4] Inclusion involves a process of systemic reform embodying changes and modifications in content, teaching methods, approaches, structures and strategies in education to overcome barriers with a vision serving to provide all students of the relevant age range with an equitable and participatory learning experience and the environment that best corresponds to their requirements and preferences. Placing students with disabilities within mainstream classes without accompanying structural changes to, for example, organization, curriculum and teaching and learning strategies, does not constitute inclusion. Furthermore, integration does not automatically guarantee the transition from segregation to inclusion.<\/li>\n<li>The core features of inclusive education are:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A \u201cwhole systems\u201d approach: education ministries must ensure that all resources are invested in advancing inclusive education and in introducing and embedding the necessary changes in institutional culture, policies and practices;<\/p>\n<p>(b) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A \u201cwhole educational environment\u201d: the committed leadership of educational institutions is essential for introducing and embedding the culture, policies and practices needed to achieve inclusive education at all levels and in all areas, including in classroom teaching and relationships, board meetings, teacher supervision, counselling services and medical care, school trips, budgetary allocations, any interaction with the parents of learners with and without disabilities and, when applicable, the local community or wider public;<\/p>\n<p>(c) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A \u201cwhole person\u201d approach: recognition is given to the capacity of every person to learn, and high expectations are established for all learners, including learners with disabilities. Inclusive education offers flexible curricula and teaching and learning methods adapted to different strengths, requirements and learning styles. This approach implies the provision of support, reasonable accommodation and early intervention so that all learners are able to fulfil their potential. The focus is on learners\u2019 capacities and aspirations rather than on content when planning teaching activities. The \u201cwhole person\u201d approach aims at ending segregation within educational settings by ensuring inclusive classroom teaching in accessible learning environments with appropriate supports. The education system must provide a personalized educational response, rather than expect students to fit the system;<\/p>\n<p>(d) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Supported teachers: all teachers and other staff receive the education and training they need to give them the core values and competencies to accommodate inclusive learning environments, which include teachers with disabilities. An inclusive culture provides an accessible and supportive environment that encourages working through collaboration, interaction and problem-solving;<\/p>\n<p>(e) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Respect for and value of diversity: all members of the learning community are equally welcome and must be shown respect for diversity irrespective of disability, race, colour, sex, language, linguistic culture, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic, indigenous or social origin, property, birth, age or other status. All students must feel valued, respected, included and listened to. Effective measures to prevent abuse and bullying are in place. Inclusion takes an individual approach to students;<\/p>\n<p>(f) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A learning-friendly environment: inclusive learning environments are accessible environments where everyone feels safe, supported, stimulated and able to express themselves and where there is a strong emphasis on involving students in building a positive school community. Recognition is afforded to the peer group in learning, building positive relationships, friendships and acceptance;<\/p>\n<p>(g) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Effective transitions: learners with disabilities receive support to ensure the effective transition from learning at school to vocational and tertiary education and, finally, to work. Learners\u2019 capacities and confidence are developed and learners receive reasonable accommodation, are treated with equality in assessments and examination procedures, and their capacities and attainments are certified on an equal basis with others;<\/p>\n<p>(h) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Recognition of partnerships: teacher associations, student associations and federations, organizations of persons with disabilities, school boards, parent-teacher associations and other functioning school support groups, both formal and informal, are all encouraged to increase understanding and knowledge of disability. The involvement of parents or caregivers and the community is viewed as an asset that contributes resources and strengths. The relationship between the learning environment and the wider community must be recognized as a route towards inclusive societies;<\/p>\n<p>(i) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Monitoring: as a continuing process, inclusive education must be monitored and evaluated on a regular basis to ensure that neither segregation nor integration are taking place, either formally or informally. According to article 33, monitoring should involve persons with disabilities, including children and persons with intensive support requirements, through their representative organizations, as well as parents or caregivers of children with disabilities, where appropriate. Disability-inclusive indicators must be developed and used in a manner consistent with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"13\">\n<li>Consistent with the Convention against Discrimination in Education of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and in order to give effect to article 24 (1) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, States parties must ensure that the right to education is assured without discrimination and on the basis of equality of opportunity. States parties must prohibit all discrimination on the basis of disability and guarantee to all persons with disabilities equal and effective protection against discrimination on all grounds. Persons with disabilities can experience intersectional discrimination on the basis of disability, gender, religion, legal status, ethnic origin, age, sexual orientation or language. In addition, parents, siblings and other relatives can also experience discrimination on grounds of disability by association. The measures needed to address all forms of discrimination include identifying and removing legal, physical, communication and linguistic, social, financial and attitudinal barriers within educational institutions and the community. The right to non-discrimination includes the right not to be segregated and to be provided with reasonable accommodation and must be understood in the context of the duty to provide accessible learning environments and reasonable accommodation.<\/li>\n<li>Situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters have a disproportionate impact on the right to inclusive education. States parties should adopt inclusive disaster risk reduction strategies for comprehensive school safety and security in emergencies that are sensitive to learners with disabilities. Temporary learning environments in such contexts must ensure the right of persons with disabilities, in particular children with disabilities, to education on the basis of equality with others. They must include accessible educational materials, school facilities, counselling and access to training in the local sign language for deaf learners. In accordance with article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and given the heightened risk of sexual violence in such settings, measures must be taken to ensure that learning environments are safe and accessible for women and girls with disabilities. Learners with disabilities must not be denied access to educational establishments on the basis that evacuating them in emergency situations would be impossible, and reasonable accommodation must be provided.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (1) (a) to be realized, and in line with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, education must be directed at the full development of the human potential and sense of dignity and self-worth, and the strengthening of respect for human rights and human diversity. States parties must ensure that education conforms to the aims and objectives of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as interpreted in the light of the World Declaration on Education for All (art. 1), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (art. 29 (1)), the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (Part I, para. 33, and Part II, para. 80) and the Plan of Action for the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (para. 2). These texts include additional elements such as references to gender equality and respect for the environment.[5] Ensuring the right to education is a matter of access as well as content, and efforts should be directed at upholding a wide range of values, including understanding and tolerance.[6] Inclusive education must aim at promoting mutual respect and value for all persons and at building educational environments in which the approach to learning, the culture of the educational institution and the curriculum itself reflect the value of diversity.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (1) (b) to be implemented, education should be directed to the development of the personality, talents and creativity of persons with disabilities, as well as of their mental, physical and communicational abilities, to their fullest potential. The education of persons with disabilities too often focuses on a deficit approach, on their actual or perceived impairment and on limiting opportunities to pre-defined and negative assumptions of their potential. States parties must support the creation of opportunities to build on the unique strengths and talents of each individual with a disability.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (1) (c) to be realized, the aims of education must be directed at enabling persons with disabilities to participate fully and effectively in a free society. Recalling article 23 (3) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Committee stresses that, regarding children with disabilities, assistance must be provided to ensure that they have effective access to education in a manner conducive to achieving their fullest possible social integration and individual development. States parties must recognize that individual support and reasonable accommodation are priority matters and should be free of charge at all compulsory levels of education.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (2) (a) to be implemented, the exclusion of persons with disabilities from the general education system should be prohibited, including through any legislative or regulatory provisions that limit their inclusion on the basis of their impairment or the degree of that impairment, such as by conditioning inclusion on the extent of the potential of the individual or by alleging a disproportionate and undue burden to evade the obligation to provide reasonable accommodation. General education means all regular learning environments and the education department. Direct exclusion would be to classify certain students as \u201cnon-educable\u201d and thereby ineligible for access to education. Indirect exclusion would be imposing a requirement to pass a common test as a condition for school entry without reasonable accommodations and support.<\/li>\n<li>For article 4 (1) (b) of the Convention to be implemented, States parties should take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify or abolish existing laws, regulations, customs and practices that constitute discrimination against persons with disabilities and that are in violation of article 24. Where necessary, discriminatory laws, regulations, customs and practices should be repealed or amended in a systematic and time-bound manner.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (2) (b) to be realized, persons with disabilities must have access to inclusive, quality and free primary and secondary education and be able to transition smoothly between the two on an equal basis with others in the communities where they live. The Committee draws on the recommendation of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights that, to fulfil that obligation, the education system must comprise four interrelated features: availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability.[7]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Availability<\/p>\n<ol start=\"21\">\n<li>Public and private educational institutions and programmes must be available in sufficient quantity and quality. States parties must guarantee a broad availability of educational places for learners with disabilities at all levels throughout the community.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Accessibility<\/p>\n<ol start=\"22\">\n<li>Consistent with article 9 of the Convention and with the Committee\u2019s general comment No. 2 (2014) on accessibility, educational institutions and programmes must be accessible to everyone, without discrimination. The entire education system must be accessible, including buildings, information and communications tools (comprising ambient or frequency modulation assistive systems), the curriculum, educational materials, teaching methods, assessments and language and support services. The environment of students with disabilities must be designed to foster inclusion and guarantee their equality throughout their education.[8] For example, school transportation, water and sanitation facilities (including hygiene and toilet facilities), school cafeterias and recreational spaces should be inclusive, accessible and safe. States parties must commit to the prompt introduction of universal design. States parties should prohibit and sanction the building of any future education infrastructure that is inaccessible and establish an efficient monitoring mechanism and time frame for rendering all existing education environments accessible. States parties must also commit to the provision of reasonable accommodation in education environments when so required. The universal design approach does not exclude the provision of assistive devices, applications and software to those learners with disabilities who may require them. Accessibility is a dynamic concept and its application requires periodic regulatory and technical adjustments. States parties must ensure that the rapid development of innovations and new technologies designed to enhance learning are accessible to all students, including those with disabilities.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee highlights the widespread lack of textbooks and learning materials in accessible formats and languages, including sign language. States parties must invest in the timely development of resources in ink or Braille and in digital formats, including through the use of innovative technology. They should also consider developing standards and guidelines for the conversion of printed material into accessible formats and languages and making accessibility a central aspect of education-related procurement. The Committee calls upon States parties to urgently ratify and implement the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled.<\/li>\n<li>Accessibility requires that education at all levels be affordable for students with disabilities. Reasonable accommodation should not entail additional costs for learners with disabilities. Compulsory, quality, free and accessible primary education is an immediate obligation. In line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, States parties must progressively adopt measures to ensure that all children, including children with disabilities, complete free, equitable and quality secondary education and to ensure equal access for all women and men with disabilities to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university, and lifelong learning. States parties must ensure that persons with disabilities are able to access education in both public and private academic institutions on an equal basis with others.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Acceptability<\/p>\n<ol start=\"25\">\n<li>Acceptability is the obligation to design and implement all education-related facilities, goods and services taking fully into account and respecting the requirements, cultures, views and languages of persons with disabilities. The form and substance of education provided must be acceptable to all. States parties must adopt affirmative action measures to ensure that education is of good quality for all.[9] Inclusion and quality are reciprocal: an inclusive approach can make a significant contribution to the quality of education.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Adaptability<\/p>\n<ol start=\"26\">\n<li>The Committee encourages States parties to adopt the universal design for learning approach, which consists of a set of principles providing teachers and other staff with a structure for creating adaptable learning environments and developing instruction to meet the diverse needs of all learners. It recognizes that each student learns in a unique manner and involves: developing flexible ways to learn, creating an engaging classroom environment; maintaining high expectations for all students while allowing for multiple ways to meet expectations; empowering teachers to think differently about their own teaching; and focusing on educational outcomes for all, including persons with disabilities. Curricula must be conceived, designed and implemented in such a way as to meet and adjust to the requirements of every student, and provide appropriate educational responses. Standardized assessments must be replaced with flexible and multiple forms of assessments and the recognition of individual progress towards broad goals that provide alternative routes for learning.<\/li>\n<li>In accordance with article 24 (2) (b) of the Convention, persons with disabilities must be able to attend primary and secondary schools in the communities where they live. Students should not be sent away from home. The educational environment must be within safe physical reach for persons with disabilities and include safe and secure means of transportation; alternatively, it must be accessible through information and communications technologies. However, States parties should avoid relying exclusively on technology as a substitute for the direct involvement of students with disabilities and interaction with teachers and role models within the educational environment. Active participation with other students, including siblings of learners with disabilities, is an important component of the right to inclusive education.<\/li>\n<li>In accordance with article 24 (2) (c), States parties must provide reasonable accommodation to enable individual students to have access to education on an equal basis with others. \u201cReasonableness\u201d is understood as the result of a contextual test that involves an analysis of the relevance and the effectiveness of the accommodation and the expected goal of countering discrimination. The availability of resources and financial implications is recognized when assessing disproportionate burden. The duty to provide reasonable accommodation is enforceable from the moment a request for such accommodation is made.[10] Policies that commit to reasonable accommodation must be adopted at the national, local and educational institution levels, and at all levels of education. The extent to which reasonable accommodation is provided must be considered in the light of the overall obligation to develop an inclusive education system, maximizing the use of existing resources and developing new ones. Using a lack of resources and the existence of financial crises to justify failure to make progress towards inclusive education violates article 24.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee reiterates the distinction between the general accessibility duty and the obligation to provide reasonable accommodation.[11] Accessibility benefits groups of the population and is based on a set of standards that are implemented gradually. Disproportionality or undue burden cannot be claimed to defend the failure to provide accessibility. Reasonable accommodation relates to an individual and is complementary to the accessibility duty. An individual can legitimately request reasonable accommodation measures even if the State party has fulfilled its accessibility duty.<\/li>\n<li>The definition of what is proportionate will necessarily vary according to context. The availability of accommodations should be considered with respect to a larger pool of educational resources available in the education system and not limited to resources available at the academic institution in question; transfer of resources within the system should be possible. There is no \u201cone size fits all\u201d formula to reasonable accommodation, as different students with the same impairment may require different accommodations. Accommodations may include: changing the location of a class; providing different forms of in-class communication; enlarging print, materials and\/or subjects in signs, or providing handouts in an alternative format; and providing students with a note taker or a language interpreter or allowing students to use assistive technology in learning and assessment situations. Provision of non-material accommodations, such as allowing a student more time, reducing levels of background noise (sensitivity to sensory overload), using alternative evaluation methods and replacing an element of the curriculum with an alternative must also be considered. To ensure that the accommodation meets the requirements, will, preferences and choices of students and can be implemented by the institution provider, discussions must take place between the educational authorities and providers, the academic institution, students with disabilities and, depending on the students\u2019 age and capacity, if appropriate, their parents, caregivers or other family members. Provision of reasonable accommodation may not be conditional on a medical diagnosis of impairment and should be based instead on the evaluation of social barriers to education.<\/li>\n<li>The denial of reasonable accommodation constitutes discrimination and the duty to provide reasonable accommodation is immediately applicable and not subject to progressive realization. States parties must ensure that independent systems are in place to monitor the appropriateness and effectiveness of accommodations and provide safe, timely and accessible mechanisms for redress when students with disabilities and, if relevant, their families, consider that they have not been adequately provided or have experienced discrimination. Measures to protect victims of discrimination against victimization during the redress process are essential.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (2) (d) to be implemented, students with disabilities should be entitled to the support they require to facilitate their effective education and enable them to fulfil their potential on an equal basis with others. Support in terms of general availability of services and facilities within the education system should ensure that students with disabilities are able to fulfil their potential to the maximum extent possible, including, for example, the provision of sufficiently trained and supported teaching staff, school counsellors, psychologists and other relevant health and social service professionals, as well as access to scholarships and financial resources.<\/li>\n<li>For article 24 (2) (e) to be realized, adequate, continuous and personalized support is to be provided directly. The Committee emphasizes the need to provide individualized education plans that can identify the reasonable accommodations and specific support required by individual students, including the provision of assistive compensatory aids, specific learning materials in alternative\/accessible formats, modes and means of communication, communication aids and assistive and information technology. Support can also consist of a qualified learning support assistant, either on a shared or on a one-to-one basis, depending on the requirements of the student. Individualized education plans must address the transitions experienced by learners who move from segregated to mainstream settings and between levels of education. The effectiveness of such plans should be regularly monitored and evaluated with the direct involvement of the learner concerned. The nature of the provision must be determined in collaboration with the student, together, where appropriate, with the parents, caregivers or other third parties. The learner must have access to recourse mechanisms if the support is unavailable or inadequate.<\/li>\n<li>Any support measures provided must be compliant with the goal of inclusion. Accordingly, they must be designed to strengthen opportunities for students with disabilities to participate in the classroom and in out-of-school activities alongside their peers, rather than marginalize them.<\/li>\n<li>Regarding article 24 (3), many States parties are failing to make appropriate provision for persons with disabilities, in particular persons on the autism spectrum, those with communication impairments and those with sensory disabilities, to acquire the life, language and social skills essential for participation in education and within their communities:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Blind and partially sighted students must be provided with opportunities to learn Braille, alternative script, augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, as well as orientation and mobility skills. Investment in access to appropriate technology and alternative communication systems to facilitate learning should be supported. Peer support and mentoring schemes should be introduced and encouraged;<\/p>\n<p>(b) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deaf and hard-of-hearing students must be provided with the opportunity to learn sign language and measures must be taken to recognize and promote the linguistic identity of the deaf community. The Committee draws the attention of States parties to the Convention against Discrimination in Education, which establishes the right of children to be taught in their own language, and reminds States parties that, in line with article 30 (4) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, persons with disabilities are entitled, on an equal basis with others, to recognition of and support for their specific cultural and linguistic identity, including sign languages and deaf culture. In addition, hard-of-hearing students must also have access to quality speech therapy services, induction loop technology and captioning;<\/p>\n<p>(c) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Students who are blind, deaf or deafblind must be provided with education delivered in the most appropriate languages and modes and means of communication for the individual, and in environments which maximize personal, academic and social development both within and outside formal school settings. The Committee emphasizes that, for such inclusive environments to exist, States parties should provide the required support, including by way of resources, assistive technology and orientation and mobility skills;<\/p>\n<p>(d) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Learners with communication impairments must be provided with the opportunity to express themselves and learn using alternative or augmentative communication. This may include the provision of sign language, low- or high-technology communication aids such as tablets with speech output, voice output communication aids or communication books. States parties should invest in developing expertise, technology and services in order to promote access to appropriate technology and alternative communication systems to facilitate learning;<\/p>\n<p>(e) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Learners with social communication difficulties must be supported through adaptations to classroom organization, including work in pairs, peer tutoring, seating close to the teacher and the creation of a structured and predictable environment;<\/p>\n<p>(f) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Learners with intellectual impairments must be provided with concrete, observable\/visual and easy-to-read teaching and learning materials within a safe, quiet and structured learning environment, targeting capacities that will best prepare students for independent living and vocational contexts. States parties should invest in inclusive interactive classrooms where use is made of alternative instructional strategies and assessment methods.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"36\">\n<li>To realize article 24 (4), States parties are required to take appropriate measures to employ administration, teaching and non-teaching staff with the skills to work effectively in inclusive education environments, qualified in sign language and\/or Braille and with orientation and mobility skills. Having an adequate number of qualified and committed school staff is key to the introduction and sustainability of inclusive education. Lack of understanding and capacity remain significant barriers to inclusion. States parties must ensure that all teachers are trained in inclusive education and that that training is based on the human rights model of disability.<\/li>\n<li>States parties must invest in and support the recruitment and continuous education of teachers with disabilities. This includes removing any legislative or policy barriers requiring candidates to fulfil specific medical eligibility criteria and the provision of reasonable accommodations for their participation as teachers. Their presence will serve to promote equal rights for persons with disabilities to enter the teaching profession, bring unique expertise and skills into learning environments, contribute to breaking down barriers and serve as important role models.<\/li>\n<li>To give effect to article 24 (5), States parties should ensure that persons with disabilities are able to access general tertiary education, vocational training, adult education and lifelong learning without discrimination and on an equal basis with others. Attitudinal, physical, linguistic, communication, financial, legal and other barriers to education at these levels must be identified and removed in order to ensure equal access. Reasonable accommodation must be provided to ensure that persons with disabilities do not face discrimination. States parties should consider taking affirmative action measures in tertiary education in favour of learners with disabilities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>III.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obligations of States parties<\/p>\n<ol start=\"39\">\n<li>States parties should respect, protect and fulfil each of the essential features of the right to inclusive education: availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability. The obligation to respect requires avoiding measures that hinder the enjoyment of the right, such as legislation excluding certain children with disabilities from education, or the denial of accessibility or reasonable accommodation. The obligation to protect requires taking measures that prevent third parties from interfering with the enjoyment of the right, for example, parents refusing to send girls with disabilities to school, or private institutions refusing to enroll persons with disabilities on the basis of their impairment. The obligation to fulfil requires taking measures that enable and assist persons with disabilities to enjoy the right to education, for example, ensuring that educational institutions are accessible and that education systems are adapted appropriately with resources and services.<\/li>\n<li>Article 4 (2) requires that States parties take measures to the maximum of their available resources regarding economic, social and cultural rights and, where needed, within a framework of international cooperation, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of those rights. Progressive realization means that States parties have a specific and continuing obligation to move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards the full realization of article 24.[12] This is not compatible with sustaining two systems of education: a mainstream education system and a special\/segregated education system. Progressive realization must be read in conjunction with the overall objective of the Convention to establish clear obligations for States parties in respect of the full realization of the rights in question. Similarly, States parties are encouraged to redefine budgetary allocations for education, including by transferring part of their budgets to the development of inclusive education. Any deliberately retrogressive measures in that regard must not disproportionately target learners with disabilities at any level of education.[13] They must be only a temporary measure limited to the period of crisis, be necessary and proportionate, not be discriminatory and comprise all possible measures to mitigate inequalities.[14]<\/li>\n<li>Progressive realization does not prejudice those obligations that are immediately applicable. As the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has stated in its general comment No. 3 (1990) on the nature of States parties\u2019 obligations, States parties have a minimum core obligation to ensure the satisfaction of, at the very least, minimum essential levels of each aspect of the right to education.[15] Therefore, States parties should implement the following core rights with immediate effect:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Non-discrimination in all aspects of education and encompassing all internationally prohibited grounds of discrimination. States parties must ensure non-exclusion from education for persons with disabilities and eliminate structural disadvantages to achieve effective participation and equality for all persons with disabilities. They must urgently take steps to remove all legal, administrative and other forms of discrimination impeding the right of access to inclusive education. The adoption of affirmative action measures does not constitute a violation of the right to non\u2011discrimination with regard to education, so long as such measures do not lead to the maintenance of unequal or separate standards for different groups;<\/p>\n<p>(b) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Reasonable accommodations to ensure non-exclusion from education for persons with disabilities. Failure to provide reasonable accommodation constitutes discrimination on the ground of disability;<\/p>\n<p>(c) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Compulsory, free primary education available to all. States parties must take all appropriate measures to guarantee that right, on the basis of inclusion, to all children and youth with disabilities. The Committee urges States parties to ensure access to and completion of quality education for all children and youth to at least 12 years of free, publicly funded, inclusive and equitable quality primary and secondary education, of which at least nine years are compulsory, as well as access to quality education for out-of-school children and youth through a range of modalities, as outlined in the Education 2030 Framework for Action.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"42\">\n<li>States parties must adopt and implement a national educational strategy that includes the provision of education at all levels for all learners, on a basis of inclusion and equality of opportunity. The educational objectives set out in article 24 (1) place equivalent obligations on States parties and must therefore be regarded on a comparable basis of immediacy.<\/li>\n<li>With regard to international cooperation, and in line with Sustainable Development Goal 4 and the Education 2030 Framework for Action, all bilateral and multilateral cooperation must aim to advance inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, including support for capacity-building, information-sharing and the exchange of best practices, research, technical and economic assistance, and access to accessible and assistive technologies. All data collected and all international assistance spent on education should be disaggregated by impairment. Consideration of an international coordination mechanism on inclusive education to implement Goal 4 and to build evidence will contribute to a better policy dialogue and to monitoring progress.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Relationship with other provisions of the Convention<\/li>\n<li>States parties must recognize the indivisibility and interdependence of all human rights. Education is integral to the full and effective realization of other rights.[16] Conversely, the right to inclusive education can only be realized if certain other rights are implemented. Moreover, the right to inclusive education must be underpinned by the creation of inclusive environments throughout society. This will require the adoption of the human rights model of disability, which recognizes the obligation to remove societal barriers that serve to exclude and marginalize persons with disabilities and the need to adopt measures to ensure implementation of the rights set out below.<\/li>\n<li>Article 5 enshrines the principle of equal protection of all persons before and under the law. States parties must prohibit all disability-based discrimination and provide persons with disabilities effective and equal protection against discrimination on all grounds. To address systemic and structural discrimination and to ensure \u201cequal benefit of the law\u201d, States parties must take affirmative action measures, such as removing architectural and communicative or other barriers to mainstream education.<\/li>\n<li>Article 6 recognizes that women and girls with disabilities are subject to multiple discrimination and that States parties must adopt measures to ensure the equal enjoyment of their rights. Intersectional discrimination and exclusion pose significant barriers to the realization of the right to education for women and girls with disabilities. States parties must identify and remove those barriers, including gender-based violence and the lack of value placed on the education of women and girls, and put in place specific measures to ensure that the right to education is not impeded by gender and\/or disability discrimination, stigma or prejudice. Harmful gender and\/or disability stereotypes in textbooks and curricula must be eliminated. Education plays a vital role in combating traditional notions of gender that perpetuate patriarchal and paternalistic societal frameworks.[17] States parties must ensure access for and the retention of girls and women with disabilities in education and rehabilitation services, as instruments for their development, advancement and empowerment.<\/li>\n<li>Article 7 asserts that, in all actions concerning children with disabilities, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. The concept of best interests is aimed at ensuring the full and effective enjoyment by the child of all human rights and the child\u2019s holistic development.[18] Any determination of the best interests of a child with a disability must consider the child\u2019s own views and individual identity, the preservation of the family, care, protection and safety of the child, any particular vulnerability, and the child\u2019s right to health and education. The Convention on the Rights of the Child affirms that the best interests of the child must be the basis on which education policies and provisions are determined. Article 7 (3) further asserts that children with disabilities have the right to express their views and that their views on all matters affecting them should be given due weight, in accordance with their age and maturity, on an equal basis with other children, and that they must be provided with disability- and age-appropriate assistance. Guaranteeing the right of children to participate in their education must be applied equally to children with disabilities, in their own learning and individualized education plans, within the classroom pedagogy, through school councils, in the development of school policies and systems, and in the development of the wider educational policy.[19]<\/li>\n<li>Article 8 calls for measures to raise awareness and challenge stereotypes, prejudices and harmful practices relating to persons with disabilities, targeting in particular practices affecting women and girls with disabilities, persons with intellectual disabilities and persons with intensive support requirements. Stereotypes, prejudices and harmful practices constitute barriers that impede both access to and effective learning within the education system. The Committee notes the practice of some parents removing their children with disabilities from inclusive schools, on the basis of a lack of awareness and understanding of the nature of disability. States parties must adopt measures to build a culture of diversity, participation and involvement in community life and to highlight inclusive education as a means of achieving a quality education for all students, with and without disabilities, parents, teachers and school administrations, as well as the community and society. States parties must ensure that mechanisms are in place to foster, at all levels of the education system and among parents and the wider public, an attitude of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities. Civil society, in particular organizations representing persons with disabilities, should be involved in all awareness-raising activities.<\/li>\n<li>Articles 9 and 24 are closely interconnected. Accessibility is a precondition for the full and equal participation of persons with disabilities in society. Persons with disabilities cannot effectively enjoy their right to inclusive education without an accessible built environment, including schools and all other places of education, and without accessible public transport, services, information and communications technologies. Modes and means of teaching should be accessible and teaching should be conducted in accessible environments. The whole environment in which students with disabilities learn must be designed in such a way as to foster inclusion. Inclusive education is also a powerful tool for the promotion of accessibility and universal design.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee calls States parties\u2019 attention to its general comment No. 1 (2014) on equal recognition before the law and stresses that inclusive education provides students with disabilities, in particular those with psychosocial or intellectual impairments, with an opportunity to express their will and preferences. States parties must ensure that inclusive education supports learners with disabilities in building their confidence to exercise legal capacity, providing the necessary support at all educational levels, including to diminish future requirements for support if they so wish.<\/li>\n<li>Persons with disabilities, in particular women and girls with disabilities, can be disproportionately affected by violence and abuse, including physical and humiliating punishments by educational personnel, for example through the use of restraints and seclusion and bullying by others in and en route to school. To give effect to article 16 (2), States parties are required to take all appropriate measures to provide protection from and prevent all forms of exploitation, violence and abuse, including sexual violence, against persons with disabilities. Such measures must be age-, gender- and disability-sensitive. The Committee strongly endorses the recommendations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Human Rights Committee and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights that States parties prohibit all forms of corporal punishment and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment in all settings, including schools, and ensure effective sanctions against perpetrators.[20] It encourages schools and other educational centres to involve students, including students with disabilities, in the development of policies, including accessible protection mechanisms, to address disciplinary measures and bullying, including cyberbullying, which is increasingly recognized as a growing feature of the lives of students, in particular children.<\/li>\n<li>Inclusive education requires recognition of the right of persons with disabilities to live within the community and enjoy inclusion and participation in the community (art. 19). It also demands recognition of the equal right of persons with disabilities to a family life or, failing that, to alternative care within a community setting (art. 23). Children in the care of the State party, residing for example in foster care or care homes, must be ensured the right to inclusive education and the right to appeal against decisions of the State party that deny them the right to inclusive education. Too many persons with disabilities live in long-term institutional care, without access to community-based services, including education, consistent with their right to, inter alia, family life, community living, freedom of association, protection from violence and access to justice. The introduction of inclusive education in the local community must take place alongside a strategic commitment to ending the practice of placing persons with disabilities in institutions (see para. 66 below). States parties should note the role that exercising the right to inclusive education will play in building the strengths, skills and competencies necessary for all persons with disabilities to enjoy, benefit from and contribute to their local communities.<\/li>\n<li>For inclusive education to be realized effectively, persons with disabilities must be guaranteed personal mobility on an independent basis (art. 20). Where transportation is not readily available and where there are no personal assistants to support access to educational institutions, persons with disabilities, in particular blind and visually impaired persons, must be given adequate training in mobility skills to promote greater independence. States parties should also provide persons with disabilities with the opportunity to acquire mobility aids and appliances at an affordable cost.<\/li>\n<li>Fulfilment of the right of persons with disabilities to enjoy the highest possible standard of health without discrimination (art. 25) is integral to the opportunity to benefit fully from education. The ability to attend educational environments and to learn effectively is seriously compromised if there is no access to health or to appropriate treatment and care. States parties should establish health, hygiene and nutrition programmes with a gender perspective that are integrated into education services and allow for the continual monitoring of all health needs. Such programmes should be developed on the principles of universal design and accessibility, provide regular school nurse visits and health screenings, and build community partnerships. Persons with disabilities, on an equal basis with others, must be provided with age-appropriate, comprehensive and inclusive sexuality education, based on scientific evidence and human rights standards, and in accessible formats.<\/li>\n<li>States parties must take effective measures to provide habilitation and rehabilitation services within the education system, including health-care, occupational, physical, social, counselling and other services (art. 26). Such services must begin at the earliest stage possible, be based on a multidisciplinary assessment of a student\u2019s strengths and support maximum independence, autonomy, respect of dignity, full physical, mental, social and vocational ability and inclusion and participation in all aspects of life. The Committee stresses the significance of supporting the development of community-based rehabilitation that addresses early identification and encourages peer support.<\/li>\n<li>Quality inclusive education must prepare persons with disabilities for work life through the acquisition of the knowledge, skills and confidence necessary for participation in the open labour market and in an open, inclusive and accessible work environment (art. 27).<\/li>\n<li>Full participation in political and public life is enhanced through the realization of the right to inclusive education. Curricula for all students must include the topic of citizenship and the skills of self-advocacy and self-representation as a fundamental basis for participation in political and societal processes. Public affairs include forming and participating in student organizations such as student unions and States parties should promote the creation of an environment in which persons with disabilities can form, join and effectively and fully participate in such student organizations through the forms of communication and language of their choice (art. 29).<\/li>\n<li>States parties must remove barriers and promote accessibility and availability of inclusive opportunities for persons with disabilities to participate on an equal basis with others in play, recreation and sports in the school system and in extracurricular activities, including in other educational environments (art. 30).[21] Appropriate measures must be in place within the educational environment to ensure opportunities for persons with disabilities to access cultural life and to develop and utilize their creative, artistic and intellectual potential, not only for their own benefit but also for the enrichment of society. Such measures must ensure that persons with disabilities are entitled to recognition of their specific cultural and linguistic identity, including sign languages and deaf culture.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Implementation at the national level<\/li>\n<li>The Committee has identified a number of challenges facing States parties in the implementation of article 24. In order to implement and sustain an inclusive education system for all persons with disabilities, the measures below need to be addressed at the national level.<\/li>\n<li>Responsibility for the education at all levels of persons with disabilities, as well as for the education of others, must rest with the education ministry. In many countries, the education of persons with disabilities is currently marginalized within ministries of social welfare or health, which has resulted in, inter alia, exclusion from mainstream legislation, policies, planning and resourcing for education, lower levels of per capita investment in the education of persons with disabilities, a lack of overarching and coherent structures to support inclusive education, a lack of integrated data collection on enrolment, retention and attainment, and a failure to develop inclusive teacher education. States parties must urgently take measures to put the education of learners with disabilities under the competence of the ministry of education.<\/li>\n<li>States parties must ensure a comprehensive and intersectoral commitment to inclusive education throughout the government. Inclusive education cannot be realized by education ministries in isolation. All relevant ministries and commissions with responsibilities that cover substantive articles of the Convention must commit to and align their understanding of the implications of an inclusive education system in order to achieve an integrated approach and to work collaboratively towards a shared agenda. Accountability measures for all ministries involved must be put into place to uphold such commitments. Partnerships should also be forged with service providers, organizations representing persons with disabilities, the media, civil society organizations, local authorities, student associations and federations, universities and teacher education colleges.<\/li>\n<li>States parties, at every level, must implement or introduce legislation based on the human rights model of disability that fully complies with article 24. The Committee recalls that article 4 (5) requires federal States to ensure that article 24 is implemented, without limitations or exceptions, in all parts of the State party.<\/li>\n<li>A comprehensive and coordinated legislative and policy framework for inclusive education must be introduced, together with a clear and adequate time frame for implementation and sanctions for violations. Such a framework must address issues of flexibility, diversity and equality in all educational institutions for all learners and identify responsibilities at all levels of government. Key elements will include:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Compliance with international human rights standards;<\/p>\n<p>(b) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A clear definition of inclusion and the specific objectives it seeks to achieve at all educational levels. Inclusion principles and practices must be considered as integral to reform, and not simply as an add-on programme;<\/p>\n<p>(c) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A substantive right to inclusive education as a key element of the legislative framework. Provisions that define certain categories of students as \u201cuneducable\u201d, for example, must be repealed;<\/p>\n<p>(d) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A guarantee for students with and without disabilities to the same right to access inclusive learning opportunities within the general education system and, for individual learners, to the necessary support services at all levels;<\/p>\n<p>(e) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A requirement for all new schools to be designed and built following the principle of universal design through accessibility standards, together with a time frame for adapting existing schools in line with the Committee\u2019s general comment No. 2. The use of public procurement to implement this element is encouraged;<\/p>\n<p>(f) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The introduction of comprehensive quality standards for inclusive education and disability-inclusive monitoring mechanisms to track progress in implementation at all levels and ensure that policies and programmes are implemented and backed by the requisite investment;<\/p>\n<p>(g) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The introduction of accessible monitoring mechanisms to ensure the implementation of policies and the provision of the requisite investment;<\/p>\n<p>(h) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Recognition of the need for reasonable accommodations to support inclusion, based on human rights standards rather than on the efficient use of resources, together with sanctions for failure to provide reasonable accommodation;<\/p>\n<p>(i) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The clear statement, in all legislation with the potential to have an impact on inclusive education, that inclusion is a concrete goal;<\/p>\n<p>(j) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A consistent framework for the early identification, assessment and support required to enable persons with disabilities to flourish in inclusive learning environments;<\/p>\n<p>(k) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The obligation for local authorities to plan and provide for all learners, including persons with disabilities, within inclusive settings and classes, including in the most appropriate languages, accessible formats and modes and means of communication;<\/p>\n<p>(l) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Legislation to guarantee to all persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, the right to be heard and to have their opinion be given due consideration within the education system, including through school councils, governing bodies, local and national governments, and mechanisms through which to challenge and appeal decisions concerning education;<\/p>\n<p>(m) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The creation of partnerships and coordination between all stakeholders, including persons with disabilities through their representative organizations, different agencies, development organizations, non-governmental organizations and parents or caregivers.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"64\">\n<li>Legislation must be supported by an education sector plan, developed in consultation with organizations of persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, and detailing the process for the implementation of an inclusive education system. It should contain a time frame and measurable goals, including measures to ensure consistency. The plan should be informed by a comprehensive analysis of the current context pertaining to inclusive education in order to provide a baseline from which to progress, including data on, for example, current budgetary allocations, quality of data collection methods, numbers of children with disabilities out of school, challenges and barriers, existing laws and policies, key concerns of persons with disabilities, families and the State party.<\/li>\n<li>States parties must introduce independent, effective, accessible, transparent, safe and enforceable complaints mechanisms and legal remedies in cases of violations of the right to education. Persons with disabilities must have access to justice systems that understand how to accommodate persons with disabilities and are capable of addressing disability-based claims. States parties must also ensure that information about the right to education and about how to challenge a denial or violation of that right must be widely disseminated and publicized to persons with disabilities, with the involvement of their representative organizations.<\/li>\n<li>Inclusive education is incompatible with institutionalization. States parties must engage in a well-planned and structured process of de-institutionalization of persons with disabilities. Such a process must address: a managed transition setting out a defined time frame for the transition; the introduction of a legislative requirement to develop community based provision; the re-direction of funds and the introduction of multidisciplinary frameworks to support and strengthen community-based services; the provision of support for families; and collaboration and consultation with organizations representing persons with disabilities, including children with disabilities, as well as parents or caregivers. Pending the process of de-institutionalization, persons in institutional care settings should be given access to inclusive education with immediate effect by linking them with inclusive academic institutions in the community.<\/li>\n<li>Early childhood interventions can be particularly valuable for children with disabilities, serving to strengthen their capacity to benefit from education and promoting their enrolment and attendance. All such interventions must guarantee respect for the dignity and autonomy of the child. In line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including Sustainable Development Goal 4, States parties are urged to ensure access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education, together with the provision of support and training to parents and caregivers of young children with disabilities. If identified and supported early, young children with disabilities are more likely to transition smoothly into pre-primary and primary inclusive education settings. States parties must ensure coordination between all relevant ministries, authorities and bodies as well as organizations of persons with disabilities and other non-governmental partners.<\/li>\n<li>In accordance with article 31, States parties must collect appropriate disaggregated data to formulate policies, plans and programmes to fulfil their obligations under article 24. They must introduce measures to address the lack of accurate data on prevalence of persons with different impairments, as well as the lack of sufficient quality research and data relating to access to, permanence in and progress within education, provision of reasonable accommodation and the associated outcomes. Census, survey and administrative data, including data from the Education Management Information System, must capture information on students with disabilities, including those still living in institutional settings. States parties should also gather disaggregated data and evidence on the barriers that prevent persons with disabilities from having access to, remaining in and making progress in inclusive quality education to enable the adoption of effective measures to dismantle such barriers. Strategies must be adopted to overcome the exclusion of persons with disabilities from standard quantitative and qualitative data-gathering mechanisms, including when it results from parents\u2019 reluctance to admit the existence of a child with a disability, the lack of birth registration and invisibility within institutions.<\/li>\n<li>States parties must commit sufficient financial and human resources throughout the development of an education sector plan and of cross-sectoral plans to support the implementation of inclusive education, consistent with the principle of progressive realization. States parties must reform their governance systems and financing mechanisms to ensure the right to education of all persons with disabilities. They should also allocate budgets using mechanisms available under public procurement processes and partnerships with the private sector. These allocations must prioritize, inter alia, ensuring adequate resources for rendering existing educational settings accessible in a time-bound manner, investing in inclusive teacher education, making available reasonable accommodations, providing accessible transport to school, making available appropriate and accessible text books, teaching and learning materials, providing assistive technologies and sign language, and implementing awareness-raising initiatives to address stigma and discrimination, in particular bullying in educational settings.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee urges States parties to transfer resources from segregated to inclusive environments. States parties should develop a funding model that allocates resources and incentives for inclusive educational environments to provide the necessary support to persons with disabilities. The determination of the most appropriate approach to funding will be informed to a significant degree by the existing educational environment and the requirements of potential learners with disabilities who are affected by it.<\/li>\n<li>A process of educating all teachers at preschool, primary, secondary, tertiary and vocational education levels must be initiated to provide them with the core competencies and values necessary to work in inclusive educational environments. Such a process requires adaptations to both pre- and in-service training to achieve the appropriate skill levels in the shortest time possible, to facilitate the transition to an inclusive education system. All teachers must be provided with dedicated units\/modules to prepare them to work in inclusive settings, as well as practical experiential learning settings where they can build the skills and confidence to solve problems through diverse inclusion challenges. The core content of teacher education must address a basic understanding of human diversity, growth and development, the human rights model of disability and inclusive pedagogy that enables teachers to identify students\u2019 functional abilities (strengths, abilities and learning styles) to ensure their participation in inclusive educational environments. Teacher education should include learning about the use of appropriate augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication such as Braille, large print, accessible multimedia, easyread, plain language, sign language and deaf culture, educational techniques and materials to support persons with disabilities. In addition, teachers need practical guidance and support in, among others: the provision of individualized instruction; teaching the same content using varied teaching methods to respond to the learning styles and unique abilities of each person; the development and use of individual educational plans to support specific learning requirements; and the introduction of a pedagogy centred on students\u2019 educational objectives.<\/li>\n<li>Inclusive education requires a support and resource system for teachers in educational institutions at all levels. Such a system might include partnerships between neighbouring educational institutions, including universities, promoting collaborative practices, including team teaching, study groups, joint student assessment processes, peer support and exchange visits, as well as partnerships with civil society. Parents and caregivers of students with disabilities can, where appropriate, serve as partners in the development and implementation of learning programmes, including individualized education plans. They can play a significant role in advising and supporting teachers in the provision of support to individual students, but must never be a pre-requisite for admission into the education system. States parties should utilize all possible sources of support for teachers, including organizations representing persons with disabilities, learners with disabilities and local community members who can contribute significantly in the form of peer mentoring, partnering and problem-solving. Their involvement provides an additional resource in the classroom and serves to build links with local communities, breaking down barriers and rendering teachers more responsive and sensitive to strengths and requirements of students with disabilities.<\/li>\n<li>Authorities at all levels must have the capacity, commitment and resources to implement laws, policies and programmes to support inclusive education. States parties must ensure the development and delivery of training to inform all relevant authorities of their responsibilities under the law and to increase understanding of the rights of persons with disabilities. The skills, knowledge and understanding necessary to implement inclusive education policies and practices include: understanding of the concept of the right to an inclusive education and its aims, knowledge of the relevant international and national legislation and policies, development of local inclusive education plans, collaboration and partnerships, support, guidance and supervision of local educational institutions, monitoring and evaluation.<\/li>\n<li>Quality inclusive education requires methods of appraising and monitoring students\u2019 progress that considers the barriers faced by students with disabilities. Traditional systems of assessment, which use standardized achievement test scores as the sole indicator of success for both students and schools, may disadvantage students with disabilities. The emphasis should be on individual progress towards broad goals. With appropriate teaching methodologies, support and accommodations, all curricula can be adapted to meet the needs of all students, including those with disabilities. Inclusive student assessment systems can be strengthened through a system of individualized supports.<\/li>\n<li>In compliance with article 33, and to measure progress on the realization of the right to education through the establishment of an inclusive education system, States parties must develop monitoring frameworks with structural, process and outcome indicators, and specific benchmarks and targets for each indicator, consistent with Sustainable Development Goal 4.[22] Persons with disabilities, through their representative organizations, should be involved in both the determination of the indicators and in the collection of data and statistics. Structural indicators should measure barriers to inclusive education and not be limited merely to collecting data disaggregated by impairment. Process indicators, such as on changes to the accessibility of physical environments, curriculum adaptations or teacher training, will make it possible to monitor the progress of the transformation. Outcome indicators such as the percentage of students with disabilities in inclusive learning environments obtaining final official certification or diplomas or the percentage of students with disabilities admitted to secondary education, must also be established. States parties should also consider measuring the quality of education through, for example, the five dimensions recommended by UNESCO: respect for rights, equity, relevance, pertinence, efficiency and efficacy. Monitoring affirmative action measures such as quotas or incentives may also be considered.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee notes the growth in many countries of private-sector education. States parties must recognize that the right to inclusive education extends to the provision of all education, not merely that provided by public authorities. States parties must adopt measures that protect against infringements of rights by third parties, including the business sector. Regarding the right to education, such measures must address the obligation to guarantee the provision of inclusive education and involve, as necessary, legislation and regulation, monitoring, oversight, enforcement and the adoption of policies to frame how business enterprises can have an impact on the effective enjoyment and exercise of rights by persons with disabilities. Educational institutions, including private educational institutions and enterprises, should not charge additional fees for integrating accessibility and\/or reasonable accommodation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[1] \u00a0\u00a0See A\/HRC\/25\/29 and Corr.1, paras. 3 and 68.<\/p>\n<p>[2] \u00a0\u00a0Art. 1 (2) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 13 (1999) on the right to education.<\/p>\n<p>[4] \u00a0\u00a0See A\/HRC\/25\/29 and Corr.1, para. 4, and United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), <i>The Right of Children with Disabilities to Education: a Rights-based Approach to Inclusive Education<\/i> (Geneva, 2012).<\/p>\n<p>[5] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 13.<\/p>\n<p>[6] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 1 (2001) on the aims of education.<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 13.<\/p>\n<p>[8] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, general comment No. 2.<\/p>\n<p>[9] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 13.<\/p>\n<p>[10] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, general comment No. 2.<\/p>\n<p>[11] \u00a0\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n<p>[12] \u00a0\u00a0See Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 3 (1990) on the nature of States parties\u2019 obligations, para. 9.<\/p>\n<p>[13] \u00a0\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n<p>[14] \u00a0\u00a0Letter dated 16 May 2012 by the Chair of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights addressed to States parties to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.<\/p>\n<p>[15] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, general comment No. 3.<\/p>\n<p>[16] \u00a0\u00a0Ibid., general comment No. 11 (1999) on plans of action for primary education and general comment No. 13.<\/p>\n<p>[17] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, \u201cConcept note on the draft general recommendation on girls\u2019\/women\u2019s right to education\u201d (2014).<\/p>\n<p>[18] \u00a0\u00a0Committee on the Rights of the Child, general comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration.<\/p>\n<p>[19] \u00a0\u00a0Ibid., general comment No. 12 (2009) on the right of the child to be heard.<\/p>\n<p>[20] \u00a0\u00a0Ibid., general comment No. 8 (2006) on the right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel or degrading forms of punishment.<\/p>\n<p>[21] \u00a0\u00a0Ibid., general comment No. 17 (2013) on the right of the child to rest, leisure, play, recreational activities, cultural life and the arts.<\/p>\n<p>[22]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, <i>Human Rights Indicators: a Guide to Measurement and Implementation (New York and Geneva, 2012).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>General comments: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/CRPD\/Pages\/GC.aspx\">http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/HRBodies\/CRPD\/Pages\/GC.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emitido em 2016, com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia de todo mundo, o parecer (coment\u00e1rio geral n. 4), elaborado pelo\u00a0Comit\u00ea de monitoramento da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Defici\u00eancia\u00a0detalha os requisitos para que o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, garantido pelo artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, seja aplicado em todos os pa\u00edses. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,414,376],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-educacao","category-show","category-showz"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emitido em 2016, com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia de todo mundo, o parecer (coment\u00e1rio geral n. 4), elaborado pelo\u00a0Comit\u00ea de monitoramento da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Defici\u00eancia\u00a0detalha os requisitos para que o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, garantido pelo artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, seja aplicado em todos os pa\u00edses. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/agenciainclusive\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-12-24T11:11:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"inclusivenews2024\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"inclusivenews2024\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"125 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"inclusivenews2024\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ae4ec7087559b8692fb33b6fffd2273b\"},\"headline\":\"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-12-24T11:11:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801\"},\"wordCount\":24960,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.movimentodown.org.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"EDUCA\u00c7\u00c3O\",\"SHOW\",\"SHOWZ\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801\",\"name\":\"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva -\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.movimentodown.org.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-12-24T11:11:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.movimentodown.org.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.movimentodown.org.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/11\\\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?p=30801#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"In\u00edcio\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/\",\"name\":\"Inclusive News\",\"description\":\"Inclusive News\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Inclusive - inclus\u00e3o e cidadania\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/@grandesite.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/@grandesite.png\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"Inclusive - inclus\u00e3o e cidadania\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/agenciainclusive\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/newsinclusive\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ae4ec7087559b8692fb33b6fffd2273b\",\"name\":\"inclusivenews2024\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c5a7ef84c66fa914f55bc4f7ce26cfa275a3b9a1c5568b907bd184fb4dde7b40?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c5a7ef84c66fa914f55bc4f7ce26cfa275a3b9a1c5568b907bd184fb4dde7b40?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c5a7ef84c66fa914f55bc4f7ce26cfa275a3b9a1c5568b907bd184fb4dde7b40?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"inclusivenews2024\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/inclusivenews.com.br\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva -","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801","og_locale":"pt_PT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva -","og_description":"Emitido em 2016, com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pessoas com defici\u00eancia de todo mundo, o parecer (coment\u00e1rio geral n. 4), elaborado pelo\u00a0Comit\u00ea de monitoramento da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Defici\u00eancia\u00a0detalha os requisitos para que o direito \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva, garantido pelo artigo 24 da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o, seja aplicado em todos os pa\u00edses. [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/agenciainclusive\/","article_published_time":"2017-12-24T11:11:10+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"inclusivenews2024","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"inclusivenews2024","Tempo estimado de leitura":"125 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801"},"author":{"name":"inclusivenews2024","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/ae4ec7087559b8692fb33b6fffd2273b"},"headline":"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva","datePublished":"2017-12-24T11:11:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801"},"wordCount":24960,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg","articleSection":["EDUCA\u00c7\u00c3O","SHOW","SHOWZ"],"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801","url":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801","name":"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva -","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg","datePublished":"2017-12-24T11:11:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/www.movimentodown.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/2013_06_27_Movimento_Down_250.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?p=30801#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"In\u00edcio","item":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Parecer de Comit\u00ea da ONU sobre educa\u00e7\u00e3o inclusiva"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/","name":"Inclusive News","description":"Inclusive News","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-PT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#organization","name":"Inclusive - inclus\u00e3o e cidadania","url":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/@grandesite.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/@grandesite.png","width":1080,"height":1080,"caption":"Inclusive - inclus\u00e3o e cidadania"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/agenciainclusive\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/newsinclusive\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/ae4ec7087559b8692fb33b6fffd2273b","name":"inclusivenews2024","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c5a7ef84c66fa914f55bc4f7ce26cfa275a3b9a1c5568b907bd184fb4dde7b40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c5a7ef84c66fa914f55bc4f7ce26cfa275a3b9a1c5568b907bd184fb4dde7b40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c5a7ef84c66fa914f55bc4f7ce26cfa275a3b9a1c5568b907bd184fb4dde7b40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"inclusivenews2024"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br"],"url":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30801"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30801\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inclusivenews.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}